Skip to main content
. 2007 Oct 18;104(44):17353–17357. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0708265104

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Venn diagrams used to guide the selection of mutations to confer LDH activity on eMDH. (A) Constructed from a total of all 47 MDH and 127 LDH sequences that could be aligned with eMDH by PileUp (GCG) from Swiss-Prot (July, 2003) using the default parameters. The diagram, constructed to include all residues conserved at ≥60%, shows a total 99 + 43 = 132 of ≈330 residues that are conserved in LDH and 30 + 43 = 73 that are similarly maintained in MDH. Among them, 43 residues are found in both enzymes. The 22 residues in the lower part of the intersection are conserved as different residues in the two enzymes as shown. This group is termed the strong forcing set (SFA). (B) Composed of an arbitrary representative from each major clade of the phylogenetic tree constructed with ClustalW. Total numbers of MDH and LDH sequences are 16 and 13, respectively. See SI Fig. 5. Only 7 residues fall into the set SFB from this more limited selection of sequences. (C) Constructed from sets SFA and SFB. The kinetically characterized mutations are shown in bold. See Results and Discussion.