Table 1 Excitability data for end stage kidney disease patients and controls.

	Pre‐dialysis	During dialysis	Post‐dialysis	Normal controls
TEd 90–100 ms	41.1 (2.6)%***	49.3 (2.6)%***	50.7 (2.1)%	50.6 (0.9)%
TEh 90–100 ms	−82.7 (11.5)%***	−110.4 (11.5)%***	−111.4 (9.5)%	−131.9 (3.2)%
TEd 40–60 ms	43.6 (3.2)%***	50.9 (2.1)%***	48.5 (1.3)%	51.4 (0.7)%
TEd 10–20 ms	55.0 (3.7)%***	60.8 (1.2)%***	65.2 (1.5)%	65.9 (0.5)%
TEh 10–20 ms	−51.3 (6.4)%***	−56.4 (7.6)%***	−72.4 (5.0)%	−84.6 (1.2)%
RRP	4.2 (0.4) ms***	4.5 (0.8) ms***	2.7 (0.1) ms	3.6 (0.1) ms
Superexcitability	−13.1 (2.3)%***	−16.2 (2.3)%***	−18.2 (2.3)%	−17.2 (0.7)%
Late subexcitability	7.4 (1.5%)***	6.9 (2.0%)**	6.1 (1.2)%	12.0 (0.5)%

Mean excitability values before, during and after dialysis, with normal control data.⁵ Data are shown for threshold electrotonus and recovery cycle parameters. TEd and TEh are represented for different time intervals as stated.

Data are expressed as mean (SEM). Pre‐dialysis and during dialysis measures were compared with post‐dialysis values using Student's paired t test.

*p<0.05; **p<0.005; ***p<0.0005.

RRP, relative refractory period; TEd, depolarising threshold electrotonus; TEh, hyperpolarising threshold electrotonus.