Table 1 Patient characteristics.

Patient	Age (years)	Sex	Hand*	Symptom duration (years)	Dx†	Duration since treatment with botulinum toxin‡	Movement scale severity (arm)§	Pattern of dystonic posturing during writing¶
D1	57	F	L	7	DC	NA	6	Wrist, thumb, and F1–2 flex, F2 abd
D2	61	F	R	17	WC	13 months	9	F2–3 flex, wrist UD
D3	63	F	R	17	DC	NA	9	Wrist flex and UD, F5 finger abd
D4	24	F	R	16	WC	NA	4	Wrist flex and UD, F2 flex
D5	53	F	R	41	DC	NA	9	Wrist flex and UD, F2–5 flex
D6	57	F	L	6	WC	NA	2	Wrist, thumb and F2 flex
D7	45	F	R	2.5	WC	NA	2	Wrist UD, thumb and F2 flex
D8	63	F	R	24	DC	6 months	6	F2 ext
D9	47	M	R	10	WC	NA	2	Wrist ext, F2 abd and flex
D10	48	M	L	2.5	DC	6 months	4	Wrist UD, F5 flex
D11	56	M	L	5	WC	NA	2	Wrist ext, F2 flex
D12	42	M	R	7	WC	14 months	2	Wrist ext, F2 flex
D13	45	M	R	23	DC	13 months	12	Wrist UD and flex, thumb and F2–3 ext
D14	33	M	R	5	WC	37 months	2	Wrist ext, F1–2 ext, thumb abd
D15	44	M	R	5	WC	NA	2	Thumb ext
D16	54	M	R	11	DC	NA	6	F2 flex, thumb add

*Hand dominance: L, left; R, right.

†Diagnosis: DC, dystonic cramp (more than one task involved); WC, writer's cramp (only writing affected).²³

‡NA, not applicable, patient never treated with botulinum toxin.

§Arm subscale from the Burke–Fahn–Marsden rating scale,²⁴ with higher scores indicating more severe involvement of the arm (maximum score 16).

¶abd, abduction; add, adduction; ext, extension; flex, flexion; F2–5, fingers 2–5; UD, ulnar deviation.