Table 2 Mean scores (standard deviations) of cognitive profile and results of the multivariate analyses of variance.

	Test battery	VIQ⩾75 ACM−	n	VIQ⩾75 ACM+	n	F	p Value
Visual analysis and synthesis			17		17
Picture completion	WISC‐III	10.7 (2.6)		8.4 (2.5)
Object assembly	WISC‐III	9.2 (2.8)		5.9 (3.1)
Picture arrangement	WISC‐III	9.8 (2.2)		5.8 (2.1)		F(5,28) = 6.59	0.000
Block design	WISC‐III	9.5 (2.7)		7.5 (2.6)
Gestalt closure	K‐ABC	10.1 (2.5)		8.4 (3.8)
Visuomotor function			14		15
Mazes	WISC‐III	10.0 (2.1)		7.8 (3.6)
VMI SS	Beery	98.9 (8.7)		90.1 (8.3)		F(3,25) = 4.43	0.012
Discs	RAKIT	15.9 (5.3)		10.5 (5.4)
Verbal memory	—		17		16
15‐Words test total	—	46.2 (9.6)		34.1 (12.7)
15‐Words test recall	—	10.1 (2.8)		6.1 (3.3)		F(4,28) = 5.67	0.002
Word order	K‐ABC	10.5 (2.2)		7.8 (3.0)
Digit span	WISC‐III	10.4 (2.4)		8.6 (2.0)
Non‐verbal memory	—		17		17
Hand movements	K‐ABC	10.4 (2.2)		9.8 (2.6)		F(2,31) = 1.12	0.34
Spatial memory	K‐ABC	9.8 (2.6)		8.4 (2.9)
Processing speed			12		13
Coding	WISC‐III	9.2 (2.2)		6.5 (3.8)
Symbol search	WISC‐III	10.5 (2.8)		7.4 (3.3)		F(4,20) = 1.73	0.182
Stroop color*	—	89.1 (22.0)		99.0 (22.1)
Bourdon RT tot*	—	19.9 (5.2)		21.7 (6.7)
Verbal skills			17		17
Similarities	WISC‐III	10.4 (2.8)		8.3 (2.3)
Comprehension	WISC‐III	9.5 (1.7)		8.1 (2.2)		F(4,29) = 1.82	0.152
Vocabulary	WISC‐III	10.1 (2.9)		8.9 (1.8)
Arithmetic	WISC‐III	9.7 (2.4)		8.4 (3.4)
Verbal fluency	RAKIT	14.2 (4.7)	17	8.5 (4.4)	17	F(1,32) = 12.8	0.001

ACM, Arnold‐Chiari‐II malformation; K‐ABC, Kaufman‐ABC; RAKIT, Revised Amsterdam Kinder Intelligentie Test; SS, sum of squares; VIQ, verbal IQ; VMI, visuomotor integration; WISC‐III, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—third edition.

A significance level of p<0.05 was adjusted by using the Bonferroni correction.

*Score represents time to perform; so high scores indicate poor (slow) performance.