| Italy, workers,
(Mapp, 2000)41
|
Case–control |
Occupational asthma |
HLAII‐DQA1: 10 alleles
HLAII‐DQB1: 13 alleles
HLAII‐DRB1: 14 alleles
(6p21,3) |
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) |
67/27 |
Frequency in cases v controls:
DQA1*0104 = 23.9% v 0% p = 0.005DQB1*0503 = 20.9% v 0% p = 0.005DQA1*0101 = 10.4% v 37.0% p = 0.004DQB1*0501 = 13.4% v 37.0% p = 0.01 |
| Italy, workers,
(Balboni, 1996)42
|
Case–control |
Occupational asthma |
HLAII‐DQA1: 8 alleles
HLAII‐DQB1: 14 alleles
(6p21,3) |
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) |
30/12/126 |
Frequency in cases v controls exp:
DQB1*0503 = 30% v 0% pc = NS
DQB1*0501 = 0% v 25% pc = 0.038 RR = 0.044
Frequency in cases v not exposed:
DQB1*0503 = 30% v 12.7% pc = 0.05 RR = 2.95 |
| Central‐Europeans, workers
(Rihs, 1997)44
|
Case–control |
Occupational asthma
BHR
Total IgE
Specific IgE to diisocyanates |
HLAII‐DRB1,2,3,4: 16 alleles
HLAII‐DQB1: 15 alleles
HLAII‐DQA1: 8 alleles
(6p21,3) |
Diisocyanates (MDI; TDI; HDI) |
32/23/90 |
Non‐significant results |
| Italy, workers
(Beghé, 2004)89
|
Case–control |
Occupational asthma |
HLA class I: A, B, and C
TNF‐α: A308G
(6p21,3) |
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) |
HLA‐I: 116/41
TNF‐α: 142/45 |
No difference in distribution of HLA I alleles
No difference in allele frequencies in TNF‐α |
| Italy, workers
(Mapp, 2002)40
|
Case–control |
Occupational asthma
BHR |
GSTP1 Val105/Ile105 (11q13) |
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) |
92/39 |
GSTP1:OR = 0.23(0.05–1.13) Val v Ile homozygotes
Frequency of asthma/AHR increased with time of exposure |
| Finland, workers
(Piirila, 2001)48
|
Case–control |
Occupational asthma
IgE levels
Bronchial provocation test |
GSTM1 null(−)
GSTM3 A and B(1p13,3)
GSTP1 Val105/Ile105
(11q13)
GSTT1 null(−)
(22q11,23) |
Diisocyanates (MDI; HDI; TDI) |
109/73 |
GSTM1(−):
OR = 1.89(1.01–3.52) asthma
OR = 0.18 (0.05–0.61) specific IgE
GSTM3 AA:
OR = 3.75(1.26–11.2) late reaction
GSTP1val/val:
OR = 5.46 (1.15–26.0) specific IgE
GSTM1(–)+GSTM3 AA:
OR = 0.09 (0.01–0.73) specific IgE
OR = 11.0 (2.19–55.3) late reaction |
| Finland, workers (Wikman, 2002)52
|
Case–control |
Occupational asthma |
NAT1 and NAT2 slow acetylation genotypes
(8p23.1–p21.3) |
Diisocyanates (MDI; TDI; HDI) |
109/73 |
NAT1sa: OR = 2.54 (1.32–4.91) diisocyanate
NAT1sa: OR = 7.77 (1.18–51.6) TDI
NAT1sa+GSTM1null: OR = 4.20 (1.51–11.6)
NAT2sa+NAT1sa: OR = 3.12 (1.11–8.78)
NAT2sa+GSTM1null: OR = 4.53 (1.76–11.6) |
