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| Characteristic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | ||
| Age (y) | 38.68 | 10.74 | |
| Exposure duration (y) | 12.91 | 9.75 | |
| Haemoglobin (g/l) | 151.1 | 11.7 | |
| Frequency | % | ||
| Nationality | |||
| Singaporean | 183 | 39.87 | |
| Vietnamese | 276 | 60.13 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 384 | 83.66 | |
| Female | 75 | 16.34 | |
| Ethnic group | |||
| Chinese | 99 | 21.57 | |
| Malays | 44 | 9.59 | |
| Indians | 40 | 8.71 | |
| Vietnamese | 276 | 60.13 | |
| Smoking history | |||
| Smoker | 229 | 49.9 | |
| Non‐smoker | 230 | 50.1 | |
| Alcohol use | |||
| None | 106 | 23.09 | |
| Occasional | 205 | 44.66 | |
| Regular | 148 | 32.24 | |
| Total | 459 | ||
