Table 2 Relative risks for increases in visits to GP surgeries, A&E departments, and admission to hospital for asthma associated with increases in fungal spore concentrations including pollutants (black smoke (BS), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2)) and grass and nettle pollen in two “pollutant” models.
| Outcome | Total spores | + BS | + O3 | + NO2 | + SO2 | + Grass | + Nettle | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | ||
| Children | |||||||||||||||
| GP visits | Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Q2 | 1.05 | (0.95 to 1.17) | 1.06 | (0.95 to 1.17) | 1.07 | (0.97 to 1.19) | 1.05 | (0.95 to 1.17) | 1.05 | (0.95 to 1.17) | 1.06 | (0.96 to 1.17) | 1.06 | (0.96 to 1.17) | |
| Q3 | 1.08 | (0.96 to 1.21) | 1.08 | (0.97 to 1.21) | 1.09 | (0.97 to 1.22) | 1.08 | (0.96 to 1.21) | 1.08 | (0.96 to 1.20) | 1.08 | (0.97 to 1.20) | 1.08 | (0.97 to 1.20) | |
| Q4 | 0.98 | (0.86 to 1.11) | 0.98 | (0.87 to 1.11) | 0.97 | (0.86 to 1.10) | 0.98 | (0.86 to 1.11) | 0.97 | (0.86 to 1.10) | 0.98 | (0.87 to 1.11) | 0.98 | (0.87 to 1.11) | |
| AE visits | Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Q2 | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.16) | 1.04 | (0.94 to1.15) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.15) | |
| Q3 | 1.06 | (0.95 to 1.17) | 1.05 | (0.95 to 1.17) | 1.06 | (0.95 to 1.18) | 1.06 | (0.95 to 1.18) | 1.06 | (0.96 to 1.18) | 1.05 | (0.95 to 1.17) | 1.05 | (0.95 to 1.17) | |
| Q4 | 1.06 | (0.94 to 1.18) | 1.06 | (0.94 to 1.18) | 1.06 | (0.94 to 1.18) | 1.07 | (0.95 to 1.20) | 1.06 | (0.95 to 1.19) | 1.05 | (0.94 to 1.18) | 1.05 | (0.94 to 1.18) | |
| Admissions | Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Q2 | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.11) | 1.00 | (0.92 to 1.10) | 1.00 | (0.92 to 1.10) | |
| Q3 | 1.04 | (0.95 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.95 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.15) | 1.05 | (0.95 to 1.15) | 1.05 | (0.95 to 1.16) | 1.04 | (0.95 to 1.14) | 1.04 | (0.95 to 1.14) | |
| Q4 | 1.07 | (0.97 to 1.19) | 1.08 | (0.97 to 1.20) | 1.07 | (0.97 to 1.20) | 1.08 | (0.97 to 1.20) | 1.08 | (0.97 to 1.20) | 1.07 | (0.97 to 1.19) | 1.07 | (0.97 to 1.19) | |
| Adults | |||||||||||||||
| GP visits | Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Q2 | 1.02 | (0.94 to 1.11) | 1.02 | (0.93 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.93 to 1.11) | 1.02 | (0.93 to 1.11) | 1.02 | (0.94 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.93 to 1.10) | 1.01 | (0.93 to 1.10) | |
| Q3 | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.12) | 1.02 | (0.93 to 1.11) | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.12) | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.13) | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.13) | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.12) | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.12) | |
| Q4 | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.11) | 1.03 | (0.94 to 1.12) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.91 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.10) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.10) | |
| AE visits | Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Q2 | 0.95 | (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.95 | (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.95 | (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.95 | (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.95 | (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.94 | (0.86 to 1.04) | 0.94 | (0.86 to 1.04) | |
| Q3 | 0.96 | (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.95 | (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.97 | (0.87 to 1.08) | 0.96 | (0.86 to 1.07) | 0.97 | (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.96 | (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.96 | (0.87 to 1.07) | |
| Q4 | 0.96 | (0.86 to 1.08) | 0.96 | (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.96 | (0.86 to 1.07) | 0.96 | (0.85 to 1.07) | 0.97 | (0.86 to 1.08) | 0.96 | (0.86 to 1.07) | 0.96 | (0.86 to 1.07) | |
| Admissions | Q1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Q2 | 1.00 | (0.91 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.91 to 1.12) | 1.00 | (0.90 to 1.10) | 1.01 | (0.91 to 1.11) | 1.00 | (0.91 to 1.11) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.12) | 1.01 | (0.92 to 1.12) | |
| Q3 | 1.04 | (0.93 to 1.15) | 1.01 | (0.91 to 1.12) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.16) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.16) | 1.04 | (0.93 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.94 to1.15) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.15) | |
| Q4 | 0.99 | (0.88 to 1.11) | 1.04 | (0.94 to 1.16) | 0.99 | (0.88 to 1.12) | 1.00 | (0.89 to 1.13) | 0.99 | (0.88 to 1.12) | 0.99 | (0.88 to 1.11) | 0.99 | (0.88 to 1.11) | |
The baseline is the lower quartile (Q1).