Table 3.
Demographic and neuropsychological data for older adults (11) and young adults (11)
| Variable/test | Elders
|
Young
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | |
| Age | 72.8 | 3.5 | 28.1 | 4.1 |
| Education | 18.0 | 2.3 | 17.0 | 1.7 |
| MMSE (all>27) | 29.4 | 0.8 | 29.3 | 0.7 |
| GDS | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.0 |
| Similarities (SS)* | 15.5 | 3.0 | ||
| LMI (SS) | 12.1 | 2.0 | ||
| (raw) | 41.3 | 6.9 | ||
| VRI (SS) | 13.8 | 3.1 | ||
| (raw) | 84.6 | 12.8 | ||
| WCST categories | 4.9 | 1.7 | ||
| Trails B (seconds) | 67.9 | 19.2 | ||
| Digit symbol (raw) | 59.3 | 9.5 | ||
| COWA (total words) | 53.6 | 2.9 | ||
MMSE=Mini Mental State Exam; GDS=Geriatric Depression Scale; *from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III; SS=Scaled Score (M=10, S.D.=3); LMI=Logical Memory I (Wechsler Memory Scale-III; VRI=Visual Reproduction I; WCST=Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (N=9 valid scores); COWA=Controlled Oral Word Association Test.