Table 3.
Diagnostic values of index tests for Facet jt and SIJ pain in two or more studies
| Author | Controlled double block / % pain relief | Sensitivity | Specificity | +LR | −LR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facet joint studies | |||||
| Revel’s criteria | |||||
| Revel et al. [38] | No / >75% | 96 (71–100) | 65 (46–81) | 2.8 (1.7–4.5) | 0.06 (0.00–0.85) |
| Laslett et al. [23] | No / abolition of pain | 18 (5–43) | 93 (86–97) | 2.6 (0.8–8.6) | 0.88 (0.70–1.10) |
| Manchikati [31] | Yes / >75% | 13 (7–22) | 84 (76–90) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 1.03 (0.92–1.16) |
| Revel et al. [39] | No/ >75% | 63 (41–82) | 87 (64–98) | 4.8 (1.4–15.9) | 0.43 (0.24–0.75) |
| Age >65 | |||||
| Revel et al. [38] | No / >75% | 39 (15–68) | 78 (60–91) | 1.8 (0.7–4.7) | 0.78 (0.49–1.23) |
| Manchikati et al. [30] | Yes / >75% | 19 (10–32) | 66 (54–78) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 1.21 (0.98–1.51) |
| Manchikati et al. [31] | Yes / >75% | 22 (14–32) | 85 (77–91) | 1.5 (0.8–2.6) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) |
| Pain reduced with recumbancy | |||||
| Reve1 et al. [38] | No / >75% | 89 (62–99) | 25 (11–44) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 0.43 (0.08–2.20) |
| Reve1 et al. [39] | No / >75% | 89 (69–98) | 45 (22–69) | 1.6 (1.1–2.5 | 0.24 (0.07–0.87) |
| Manchikati et al. [31] | Yes / >75% | 94 (86–98) | 17 (10–25) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.39 (0.18–0.96) |
| Pain not increased with cough | |||||
| Reve1 et al. [38] | No / >75% | 96 (71–100) | 35 (19–55) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.10 (0.01–1.62) |
| Reve1 et al. [39] | No / >75% | 80 (59–94) | 50 (27–73) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | 0.39 (0.15–1.01) |
| Manchikati et al. [31] | Yes / >75% | 90 (82–95) | 13 (8–21) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.76 (0.34–1.66) |
| Pain not increased with forward flexion | |||||
| Reve1 et al. [38] | No / >75% | 96 (71–100) | 48 (30–67) | 1.9 (1.3–2.7) | 0.07 (0.01–1.15) |
| Reve1 et al. [39] | No / >75% | 63 (41–82) | 76 (52–92) | 2.7 (1.1–6.3) | 0.48 (0.27–0.87) |
| Manchikati et al. [31] | Yes / >75% | 16 (9–25) | 82 (73–88) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) |
| Pain not increased with rising from flexion | |||||
| Reve1 et al. [38] | No / >75% | 96 (71–100) | 58 (39–76) | 2.3 (1.5–3.6) | 0.06 (0.00–0.97) |
| Reve1 et al. [39] | No / >75% | 76 (54–91) | 55 (31–78) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 0.43 (0.19–1.00) |
| Manchikati et al. [31] | Yes / >75% | 55 (44–65) | 48 (39–58) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.94 (0.70–1.26) |
| Pain not increased with hyperextension | |||||
| Reve1 et al. [38] | No / >75% | 89 (62–99) | 62 (42–79) | 2.3 (1.4–3.8) | 0.17 (0.04–0.81) |
| Revel et al. [39] | No / >75% | 54 (33–75) | 71 (46–89) | 1.9 (0.8–4.2) | 0.64 (0.38–1.09) |
| Manchikati et al. [31] | Yes / >75% | 10 (5–18) | 86 (78–92) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) |
| Pain not increased with extension/rotation | |||||
| Reve1 et al. [38] | No / >75% | 75 (46–94) | 48 (30–67) | 1.5 (0.9–2.3) | 0.52 (0.19–1.38) |
| Reve1 et al. [39] | No / >75% | 68 (45–85) | 76 (52–92) | 2.8 (1.2–6.7) | 0.43 (0.23–0.81) |
| Manchikati et al. [31] | Yes / >75% | 68 (57–77) | 30 (22–40) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.07 (0.71–1.61) |
| No centralisation | |||||
| Young et al. [60] | No / >80% | 97 (73–100) | 15 (1–50) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 0.22 (0.01–4.93) |
| Laslett et al. [27] | No / >95% | 96 (65–100) | 16 (8–28) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 0.28 (0.02–4.43) |
| Traumatic onset | |||||
| Manchikati et al. [30] | Yes / >75% | 54 (40–67) | 47 (35–60) | 1.01 (0.7–1.4) | 0.99 (0.67–1.44) |
| Manchikati et al. [31] | Yes / >75% | 48 (37–59) | 50 (41–59) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.05 (0.80–1.37) |
| SIJ studies | |||||
| 3 of more positive pain provocation procedures | |||||
| Laslett et al. [24] | No / > 80% | 74 (50–90) | 74 (55–89) | 2.9 (1.5–5.6) | 0.35 (0.17–0.75) |
| Laslett et al. [22] | Yes / >80% | 89 (59–99) | 80 (62–92) | 4.4 (2.1–8.9) | 0.15 (0.03–0.66) |
| Young et al. [60] | No / > 80% | 76 (56–90) | 69 (50–85) | 2.5 (1.4–4.4) | 0.35 (0.17–0.71) |
| van der Wurff et al. [52] | Yes / >50% | 84 (65–95) | 78 (60–90) | 3.8 (2.0–7.3) | 0.21 (0.09–0.49) |
| Thigh thrust | |||||
| Dreyfuss et al. [13] | Yes / >80% | 42 (28–58) | 45 (30–61) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 1.28 (0.84–1.94) |
| Laslett et al. [24] | No / >80% | 69 (45–87) | 64 (44–81) | 1.9 (1.1–3.3) | 0.49 (0.24–0.97) |
| Sacral Thrust | |||||
| Dreyfuss et al. [13] | No / >90% | 51 (36–66) | 40 (25–57) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 1.22 (0.76–1.96) |
| Laslettt et al. [24] | No / >80% | 55 (32–76) | 74 (55–89) | 2.1 (1.0–4.4) | 0.61 (0.36–1.02) |
| Bone scan | |||||
| Maigne et al. [29] | No / >75% | 46 (20–74) | 93 (72–100) | 6.2 (1.2–31.9) | 0.58 (0.35–0.96) |
| Slipman et al. [49] | No / > 80% | 14 (4–31) | 98 (79–100) | 5.6 (0.3–99.0) | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) |
SIJ, sacroiliac joint; +LR, positive likelihood ratio; −LR, negative likelihood ratio