Table 1 Hazard ratios and mutually adjusted hazard ratios (and 95% CIs) for onset of long‐term sickness absence.
| Men (n = 2586) | Women (n = 2448) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | HR* (95% CI) | HR† (95% CI) | n | HR* (95% CI) | HR** (95% CI) | ||
| Emotional demands | Management quality | ||||||
| Low | 871 | 1.00 | 1.00 | High | 784 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium | 780 | 1.04 (0.67 to 1.61) | 1.10 (0.70 to 1.75) | Medium | 901 | 0.97 (0.66 to 1.44) | 0.90 (0.60 to 1.35) |
| High | 935 | 1.41 (0.94 to 2.12) | 1.57 (0.98 to 2.52) | Low | 763 | 1.38 (0.95 to 2.00) | 1.09 (0.71 to 1.65) |
| Demands on hiding emotions | Role conflicts | ||||||
| Low | 1075 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Low | 1653 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium | 864 | 0.87 (0.58 to 1.32) | 0.87 (0.58 to 1.32) | High | 795 | 1.54 (1.13 to 2.10) | 1.36 (0.99 to 1.87) |
| High | 647 | 1.33 (0.89 to 1.99) | 1.17 (0.74 to 1.84) | ||||
| Rewards, | |||||||
| High | 869 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Medium | 937 | 0.95 (0.65 to 1.39) | 0.86 (0.58 to 1.27) | ||||
| Low | 642 | 1.59 (1.10 to 2.30) | 1.30 (0.86 to 1.97) | ||||
| Extreme bending or twisting of neck or back | Extreme bending or twisting of neck or back | ||||||
| Low | 1053 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Low | 865 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium | 643 | 1.63 (1.00 to 2.65) | 1.35 (0.81 to 2.24) | Medium | 673 | 1.34 (0.85 to 2.10) | 1.16 (0.72 to 1.86) |
| High | 890 | 2.48 (1.61 to 3.82) | 1.58 (0.94 to 2.65) | High | 910 | 2.36 (1.60 to 3.50) | 1.86 (1.19 to 2.91) |
| Working mainly standing or squatting | Working mainly standing or squatting | ||||||
| Low | 845 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Low | 815 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium | 828 | 1.27 (0.77 to 2.12) | 1.05 (0.61 to 1.81) | Medium | 790 | 1.50 (0.99 to 2.27) | 1.26 (0.80 to 1.98) |
| High | 913 | 2.51 (1.57 to 4.03) | 1.80 (1.02 to 3.16) | High | 843 | 1.92 (1.29 to 2.86) | 1.36 (0.84 to 2.19) |
| Lifting or carrying loads | Lifting or carrying loads | ||||||
| Low | 806 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Low | 919 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium | 663 | 1.41 (0.95 to 2.10) | 1.07 (0.58 to 1.98) | Medium | 816 | 1.41 (0.95 to 2.10) | 1.11 (0.71 to 1.73) |
| High | 1117 | 1.93 (1.30 to 2.85) | 1.85 (1.04 to 3.29) | High | 713 | 1.93 (1.30 to 2.85) | 1.24 (0.76 to 2.03) |
| Pushing or pulling loads | Pushing or pulling loads | ||||||
| Low | 1418 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Low | 1437 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium | 710 | 1.11 (0.72 to 1.69) | 0.69 (0.43 to 1.09) | Medium | 546 | 1.47 (1.01 to 2.12) | 1.05 (0.69 to 1.61) |
| High | 458 | 2.00 (1.33 to 3.03) | 1.04 (0.65 to 1.67) | High | 465 | 1.58 (1.08 to 2.31) | 0.90 (0.57 to 1.42) |
*Adjusted for age, family status, school education, smoking, alcohol use, leisure time physical activity and body mass index.
†Adjusted for age, family status, school education, smoking, alcohol use, leisure time physical activity, body mass index and other work environmental factors.