Table 2 Association between perception of noise from wind turbines (dependent variable “do not notice” (n = 457) or “notice” (n = 307)) and variables hypothesised to influence the perception, expressed as odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
| Sound pressure level (dB(A)) | Other variables hypothesised to influence perception | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | Variable of interest (ref; tested category)* | OR (95% CI) |
| 1.3 (1.25 to 1.40) | ||
| Demographic and socioeconomic factors | ||
| 1.3 (1.26 to 1.41) | Age (years; + 1 year) | 1.0 (0.99 to 1.01) |
| 1.3 (1.25 to 1.41) | Sex (male; female) | 1.0 (0.83 to 1.16) |
| 1.3 (1.26 to 1.41) | Employment (employed; not employed) | 0.7 (0.48 to 0.91) |
| 1.3 (1.26 to 1.41) | Housing (apartment; detached house) | 1.6 (1.04 to 2.33) |
| Area‐related factors | ||
| 1.3 (1.24 to 1.40) | Terrain (complex; flat) | 1.1 (0.81 to 1.56) |
| 1.3 (1.25 to 1.41) | Urbanisation (suburban; rural) | 1.8 (1.27 to 2.64) |
| 1.3 (1.24 to 1.41) | Terrain and urbanisation | |
| Suburban and flat ground (n = 222) | 1.0 | |
| Suburban and complex ground (n = 347) | 1.0 (0.65 to 1.48) | |
| Rural and flat ground (n = 157) | 1.6 (1.01 to 2.53) | |
| Rural and complex ground (n = 28) | 4.8 (1.65 to 13.72) | |
| 1.3 (1.22 to 1.38) | Subjective background noise (not quiet; quiet) | 1.8 (1.25 to 2.51) |
| Visual factors | ||
| 1.3 (1.22 to 1.37) | Visibility (no; yes) | 2.2 (1.47 to 3.18) |
| Model 1†‡ (Hosmer and Lemshow test: 0.703) | ||
| Sound pressure level (dB(A)) | 1.3 (1.21 to 1.39) | |
| Employment (employed; not employed) | 0.6 (0.40 to 0.83) | |
| Terrain (complex; flat) | 0.6 (0.38 to 0.97) | |
| Urbanisation (suburban; rural) | 2.3 (1.34 to 3.88) | |
| Subjective background noise (not quiet; quiet) | 2.6 (1.72 to 3.95) | |
| Visibility (no; yes) | 2.3 (1.51 to 3.47) | |
| Model 2†‡ (Hosmer and Lemshow test: 0.703) | ||
| Sound pressure level (dB(A)) | 1.3 (1.21 to 1.39) | |
| Employment (employed; not employed) | 0.6 (0.40 to 0.83) | |
| Terrain and urbanisation | ||
| Suburban and flat ground (n = 222) | 1.0 | |
| Suburban and complex ground (n = 347) | 1.6 (1.03 to 2.63) | |
| Rural and flat ground (n = 157) | 2.2 (1.34 to 3.89) | |
| Rural and complex ground (n = 28) | 13.8 (4.24 to 45.14) | |
| Subjective background noise (not quiet; quiet) | 2.6 (1.72 to 3.95) | |
| Visibility (no; yes) | 2.3 (1.51 to 3.47) | |
*Variables were entered one by one into a binary logistic regression, always keeping SPL in the regression as the main factor of importance for perception.
†Models 1 and 2 comprise several variables simultaneously entered into a binary logistic regression.
‡Adjusted for age and sex.