Table 1 Characteristics of study participants.
| Variables | All (n = 98) | Non‐exposed (n = 50) | Exposed (n = 48) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* | 40.9 (8.4) | 40.3 (8.1) | 41.6 (8.7) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 24.9 (3.4) | 25.2 (3.6) | 24.6 (3.4) |
| At least one living child at birth† | 56 (57.1) | 27 (54.0) | 29 (60.4) |
| Time to conception >12 months for the last child+ | 4 (4.1) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (10.3) |
| Current smokers† | 41 (42.3) | 23 (48.9) | 18 (36.0) |
| Current drinkers† | 59 (60.8) | 26 (55.3) | 33 (66.0) |
| Right testicular volume (ml)* | 23.1 (3.2) | 23.4 (3.0) | 22.8 (3.6) |
| Left testicular volume (ml)* | 22.9 (3.6) | 23.4 (2.8) | 22.5 (4.3) |
| At least one episode of urogenital infection† | 15 (15.5) | 9 (19.1) | 6 (12.0) |
| Sexual abstinence before semen analysis (days)* | 4.2 (1.5) | 4.4 (1.6) | 4.1 (1.3) |
| Season of semen analysis: | |||
| Spring or summer† | 70 (71.4) | 37 (74.0) | 33 (68.8) |
| Autumn or winter† | 28 (28.6) | 13 (26.0) | 15 (31.2) |
*Mean (SD).
†Number of men (%).