Table 2.
Frequency of domestic violence among women aged over 16 y and living in Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| No. (%) of women in the group† |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Types of domestic violence* | refugees (n = 50) | domicile (n = 76) | patients (n = 104) | total | P‡ |
| Physical abuse: | 33 (66.0) | 60 (78.9) | 86 (82.7) | 179 (77.8) | 0.062 |
| slapping | 29 (58.0) | 53 (69.7) | 71 (68.3) | 153 (66.5) | 0.345 |
| pushing | 11 (22.0) | 47 (61.8) | 66 (63.5) | 124 (53.9) | <0.001 |
| hair pulling | 8 (16.0) | 35 (46.1) | 51 (49.0) | 94 (40.9) | <0.001 |
| arm twisting | 6 (12.0) | 34 (44.7) | 43 (41.3) | 83 (36.1) | <0.001 |
| pushing to the floor | 4 (8.0) | 29 (38.2) | 51 (49.0) | 84 (36.5) | <0.001 |
| hitting | 19 (38.0) | 49 (64.5) | 65 (62.5) | 133 (57.8) | 0.005 |
| fight | 19 (38.0) | 46 (60.5) | 66 (63.5) | 131 (56.9) | 0.008 |
| kicking | 5 (10.0) | 32 (42.1) | 51 (49.0) | 88 (38.2) | <0.001 |
| strangling | 4 (8.0) | 22 (28.9) | 39 (37.5) | 65 (28.3) | <0.001 |
| injuries with other objects | 2 (4.0) | 19 (25.0) | 42 (40.4) | 63 (27.4) | <0.001 |
| threatening with a knife | 2 (4.0) | 21 (27.6) | 38 (36.5) | 61 (26.5) | <0.001 |
| Sexual abuse: | 15 (30.0) | 46 (60.5) | 62 (59.6) | 123 (53.4) | <0.001 |
| forced sex | 14 (28.0) | 42 (55.3) | 58 (55.7) | 114 (49.6) | 0.002 |
| squeezing of breasts and genitals | 1 (2.0) | 16 (21.1) | 29 (27.9) | 46 (20.0) | <0.001 |
| forced oral sex | 1 (2.0) | 23 (30.3) | 22 (21.1) | 46 (20.0) | <0.001 |
| forced anal sex | 2 (4.0) | 19 (25.0) | 22 (21.1) | 43 (18.7) | 0.008 |
| forced to watch porno films | 1 (2.0) | 10 (13.1) | 17 (16.3) | 28 (12.2) | 0.036 |
| Psychological abuse: | 33 (66.0) | 73 (96.1) | 91 (87.5) | 197 (85.6) | <0.001 |
| jealousy | 28 (56.0) | 63 (82.9) | 69 (66.3) | 160 (69.5) | 0.003 |
| checking | 28 (56.0) | 61 (80.3) | 66 (63.5) | 155 (67.4) | 0.009 |
| making woman feel worthless | 22 (44.0) | 62 (81.6) | 74 (71.2) | 158 (68.7) | <0.001 |
| making woman feel stupid | 21 (42.0) | 57 (75.0) | 76 (73.1) | 154 (66.0) | <0.001 |
| mocking | 22 (44.0) | 58 (76.3) | 72 (69.2) | 152 (66.1) | <0.001 |
| putting down | 17 (34.0) | 57 (75.0) | 72 (69.2) | 146 (63.5) | <0.001 |
| controlling behavior | 25 (50.0) | 56 (73.7) | 59 (56.7) | 140 (60.9) | 0.014 |
| manipulation and lying | 14 (28.0) | 55 (72.4) | 64 (61.5) | 133 (57.8) | <0.001 |
| threatening with murder | 5 (10.0) | 21 (27.6) | 51 (49.0) | 77 (33.5) | <0.001 |
| threatening with child murder | 2 (4.0) | 9 (11.8) | 17 (16.3) | 28 (12.2). | 0.089 |
*Domestic Violence Inventory (24).
†Refugees – women from the general population who came to live in Tuzla canton as refugees during the 1991-1995 war; domicile – women from the general population with residence in Tuzla canton; patients – female patients who received psychiatric treatment at the Department for Psychiatry of the University Clinical Center Tuzla.
‡χ2 test.