Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics for arm A
| Carbamazepine (n=378) | Gabapentin (n=377) | Lamotrigine (n=378) | Oxcarbazepine (n=210) | Topiramate (n=378) | Total (n=1721) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Men | 208 (55·0) | 207 (54·9) | 208 (55·0) | 111 (52·9) | 208 (55·0) | 942 (54·7) |
| Women | 170 (45·0) | 170 (45·1) | 170 (45·0) | 99 (47·1) | 170 (45·0) | 779 (45·3) |
| Treatment history, n (%) | ||||||
| Untreated | 309 (81·8) | 306 (81·2) | 308 (81·5) | 181 (86·2) | 308 (81·5) | 1412 (82·1) |
| Monotherapy (not optimum treatment) | 60 (15·9) | 60 (15·9) | 61 (16·1) | 25 (11·9) | 60 (15·9) | 266 (15·5) |
| Recent seizures after remission | 9 (2·4) | 11 (2·9) | 9 (2·4) | 4 (1·9) | 10 (2·7) | 43 (2·5) |
| History, n (%) | ||||||
| Learning disability | 20 (5·3) | 17 (4·5) | 23 (6·1) | 4 (1·9) | 21 (5·6) | 85 (4·9) |
| Neurological deficit | 34 (9·0) | 28 (7·4) | 32 (8·5) | 15 (7·1) | 30 (7·9) | 139 (8·1) |
| Neurological disorder, n (%) | ||||||
| Stroke/cerebrovascular | 32 (8·5) | 27 (7·2) | 20 (5·3) | 10 (4·8) | 19 (5·0) | 108 (6·3) |
| Intracranial surgery | 13 (3·4) | 17 (4·5) | 15 (4·0) | 2 (1·0) | 24 (6·4) | 71 (4·1) |
| Head injury | 12 (3·2) | 17 (4·5) | 18 (4·8) | 10 (4·8) | 26 (6·9) | 83 (4·8) |
| Meningitis/encephalitis | 4 (1·1) | 7 (1·9) | 12 (3·2) | 3 (1·4) | 8 (2·1) | 34 (2·0) |
| Other | 28 (7·4) | 24 (6·4) | 29 (7·7) | 11 (5·2) | 32 (8·5) | 124 (7·2) |
| History of seizures, n (%) | ||||||
| Febrile convulsions | 27 (7·1) | 16 (4·2) | 25 (6·6) | 7 (3·3) | 17 (4·5) | 92 (5·4) |
| Any other acute symptomatic seizures | 6 (1·6) | 15 (4·0) | 18 (4·8) | 8 (3·8) | 13 (3·4) | 60 (3·5) |
| Epilepsy in first degree relatives | 39 (10·3) | 44 (11·7) | 38 (10·1) | 24 (11·4) | 34 (9·0) | 179 (10·0) |
| Epilepsy syndrome, n (%) * | ||||||
| Idiopathic partial | 4 (1·1) | 5 (1·3) | 6 (1·6) | 3 (1·4) | 6 (1·6) | 24 (1·4) |
| Symptomatic or cryptogenic partial | 338 (89·4) | 333 (88·6) | 330 (88·0) | 180 (85·7) | 322 (85·4) | 1503 (87·6) |
| Idiopathic generalised | 3 (0·8) | 3 (0·8) | 4 (1·1) | 5 (2·4) | 7 (1·9) | 22 (1·3) |
| Other syndrome | 2 (0·5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0·5) | 1 (0·3) | 4 (0·2) |
| Unclassified | 31 (8·2) | 35 (9·3) | 35 (9·3) | 21 (10·0) | 41 (10·9) | 163 (9·5) |
| Median interval between first and most recent seizure (25th–75th centile), days† | 465 (162–1720) | 446 (156–2195) | 492 (165–1765) | 463 (155–1470) | 488 (153–1949) | 467 (156–1889) |
| Median interval between most recent seizure and randomisation (25th–75th centile), days‡ | 13 (4–37) | 13 (3–37) | 14 (3–38) | 14 (4–41) | 12 (3–33) | 13 (3–37) |
| Median number of seizures (25th–75th centile)§ | 12 (4–65) | 12 (4–70) | 12 (4–60) | 11 (4–51) | 12 (4–80) | 12 (4–63) |
| Mean age (SD), years | 39·2 (18·3) | 37·8 (17·9) | 36·8 (18·3) | 40·1 (18·0) | 38·4 (18·6) | 38·3 (18·3) |
*
Missing data for epilepsy syndrome for one individual on gabapentin, three individuals on lamotrigine, and one individual on topiramate.
†
Missing dates for seizures for one individual on topiramate.
‡
Missing data for dates of seizures for one individual on topiramate.
§
Missing number of seizures for one individual on topiramate.