Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants with and without obstructive lung disease (OLD).
| Variable | With OLD (n = 268) | Without OLD (n = 2005) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age | 73.6 (2.8) | 73.2 (2.8) | 0.03 |
| Sex (% male) | 58 | 50 | 0.02 |
| Race (% black) | 56 | 62 | 0.03 |
| Site (% Memphis) | 51 | 49 | 0.4 |
| Co‐morbid conditions | |||
| Hypertension (%) | 47 | 50 | 0.3 |
| Diabetes (%) | 14 | 15 | 0.4 |
| History of CHF (%) | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
| History of COPD (%) | 41.8 | 10.6 | <0.0001 |
| Current smoking (%) | 32 | 9 | <0.0001 |
| Past smoking (%) | 54 | 46 | |
| Pack years of smoking‡ | 39 (9–57) | 2 (0–25) | <0.0001 |
| Depression (%) | 11.4 | 12.5 | 0.6 |
| Pulmonary function | |||
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 65.1 (16.6) | 98.6 (18.2) | <0.0001 |
| Mild ⩾70% predicted (%) | 35 | 100 | |
| Moderate 51–70% predicted (%) | 38 | 0 | |
| Severe <50% predicted (%) | 27 | 0 | |
| Body composition | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4 (4.7) | 27.4 (4.7) | 0.001 |
| Visceral adiposity (cm2) | 149.4 (77) | 146.9 (67) | 0.4 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 47 (10) | 48 (10 ) | 0.008 |
| Weight (kg) | 72 (14) | 76 (15) | <0.0001 |
| Muscle strength and muscle mass | |||
| Grip strength (kg) | 34.1 (8) | 32.5 (7) | 0.3 |
| Knee extensor strength (Nm) | 102.5 (39) | 108.9 (38) | 0.017 |
| Thigh muscle area by CT scan (cm2) | 102 (39) | 108 (39) | 0.002 |
| Lower limb lean mass by DXA (kg) | 7.4 (1.7) | 7.6 (1.8) | 0.04 |
| Knee extensor strength/thigh muscle area by CT scan (Nm/cm2) | 0.95 (0.24) | 0.95 (0.22) | 0.9 |
| Maximal inspiratory pressure (cm H2O) | 64.7 (30) | 74.2 (32) | <0.0001 |
| Inflammatory markers† | |||
| TNF (pg/ml) | 3.4 (1.7) | 3.4 (1.5) | 0.3 |
| IL‐6 (pg/ml) | 2.6 (1.9) | 2.2 (1.8) | <0.0001 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 3.5 (5.3) | 2.5 (3.7) | <0.0001 |
| Medications | |||
| Steroids (%) | 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.006 |
CHF, congestive heart failure; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; CRP, C‐reactive protein; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.
Data expressed as mean (SD) unless specified otherwise.
†Data log converted since distribution not normal.
‡Median with interquartile range.