Table 4.
Pre-Operative or Pre-Injury Risk Factors
| Risk Factor | UM NSQIP Trauma N=525 | UM NSQIP General Surgery N=1,327 | NTDB (2004) N=54,478 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | N | % | N | *p-value | % | N | **p-value | |
| General Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Obesity | 4.4 | 18 | -- | -- | -- | 0.3 | 168 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 94.1 | 494 | 88.8 | 1178 | 0.003 | 98.0 | 53410 | < 0.001 |
| Oral | 3.2 | 17 | 6.4 | 85 | 1.4 | 768 | ||
| Insulin | 2.7 | 14 | 4.7 | 62 | 0.6 | 300 | ||
| Current Smoker | 42.3 | 222 | 13.8 | 183 | <0.001 | -- | -- | -- |
| ETOH | 15.0 | 79 | 2.0 | 27 | <0.001 | 1.4 | 774 | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary Risk Factors | ||||||||
| History Severe COPD | 1.3 | 7 | 3.2 | 42 | 0.04 | 0.7 | 375 | 0.08 |
| Current Pneumonia | 0.6 | 3 | 0.5 | 7 | 0.8 | -- | -- | -- |
| Cardiac Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Congestive Heart Failure | 1.1 | 6 | 1.0 | 13 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 296 | 0.06 |
| History MI | 0.4 | 2 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 372 | 0.4 |
| Previous PTCA | 2.5 | 13 | 3.2 | 42 | 0.5 | |||
| Previous Cardiac Surgery | 2.3 | 12 | 2.9 | 38 | 0.6 | 3.8 | 2043 | 0.4 |
| History Angina | 0.6 | 3 | 0.4 | 5 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 616 | 0.2 |
| Hypertension | 16.4 | 86 | 32.8 | 435 | <0.001 | 3.9 | 2101 | < 0.001 |
| Renal Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Renal Failure (Dialysis) | 0.4 | 2 | 0.6 | 8 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 54 | 0.5 |
| Central Nervous System Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Impaired Sensorium | 13.3 | 70 | 0.6 | 8 | <0.001 | -- | -- | -- |
| Coma | 10.1 | 53 | 0.0 | 0 | <0.001 | -- | -- | -- |
| History of Ischemic Attacks | 1.5 | 8 | 1.3 | 17 | 0.9 | -- | -- | -- |
| History of Seizure Disorder | 3.4 | 18 | -- | -- | -- | 0.5 | 275 | < 0.001 |
| Nutritional/Immune/Other Risk Factors | ||||||||
| Disseminated Cancer | 0.8 | 4 | 3.8 | 50 | <0.001 | 0.1 | 51 | < 0.001 |
| Open Wound | 55.6 | 292 | 3.8 | 50 | <0.001 | -- | -- | -- |
| Bleeding Disorders | 3.6 | 19 | 3.2 | 42 | 0.7 | 0.04 | 21 | < 0.001 |
| Transfusion > 4 units | 4.8 | 25 | 0.3 | 4 | <0.001 | -- | -- | -- |
| Diagnosed Psychiatric Disease | 21.1 | 111 | -- | -- | -- | 1.6 | 865 | < 0.001 |
| Psychiatric Rx Use | 16.4 | 86 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Prior Admission for Trauma | 17.5 | 92 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Aspirin | 7.6 | 40 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Beta Blocker | 8.2 | 43 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Coumadin | 1.3 | 7 | -- | -- | -- | 0.4 | 233 | 0.002 |
UM, University of Michigan; NSQIP, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; NTDB, National Trauma Data Bank; ETOH, ethanol; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; Rx, medication.
*
p-value comparing patient characteristics for UM NSQIP trauma and general surgery patients.
**
p-value comparing UM NSQIP trauma and NTDB trauma patients.