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. 2007 Nov 19;179(4):761–775. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200705002

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Copyright © 2007, The Rockefeller University Press

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Figure 4. — Venule discontinuity leads to hemorrhages in mmvvee embryos at later embryonic stages. (A) Sporadic hemorrhages (arrows) in the trunk of mmvvee embryos are first visible around E16.5 and become progressively more prominent (top left). At E18.5 the amnion is filled with blood and can be identified during dissection (mmvvee embryo held with forceps). Bottom shows littermate control and mmvvee embryos in yolk sac with placenta attached. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of histological sections show numerous small vessels in mmvvee embryos that contain red blood cells and appear to be discontinuous as early as E14.5 (arrowhead). Bar, 10 μm. (C) Electron micrographs of blood vessels indicate that the endothelial junctions in arterioles of mmvvee are intact (open arrowheads), but numerous ruptures are present in venules (closed arrowheads) with evidence of escaping red blood cells (asterisk). The endothelial cells of these venules displayed extensive cellular lamellipodia protruding in the vascular lumen or extending in the subendothelial space (small arrows).