Transcriptional regulation of sex-specific CEM cell death. (A) UNC-86, a transcription activator, and TRA-1A, a transcription repressor, interact at intron 2 of the ceh-30 gene to regulate the expression of ceh-30, leading to the proper cell death specification of CEMs. XO indicates males, and XX indicates hermaphrodites. (B) Genetic pathways regulating sexually dimorphic cell deaths in C. elegans. ceh-30 is the key gene that interprets the sex determination signal transduced by tra-1 and the survival signal specified by unc-86 to turn off or on programmed cell death in CEMs along with unc-37, probably through suppressing the expression of egl-1 and/or another proapoptotic gene. In HSNs, TRA-1A directly inhibits the expression of egl-1. (C) Formation of a CEH-30/UNC-37 repressosome at the promoter of a proapoptotic target gene. A CEM-specific transcription factor that binds to the promoter may recruit the UNC-37/Groucho transcription repressor through CEH-30 via its eh1/FIL motif (in red).