| Sunburn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lew,68 1983, USA |
Case‐control 111/107 |
Painful sunburns (childhood) |
Childhood |
N/A |
2.8 (1.3–6.3) (childhood) |
No adjustment for confounders; painful sunburn during childhood assessed in good tanners |
| Blistering sunburns (adolescence) (yes v no) |
Adolescence |
2.05 (1.18–3.56) (adolescence) |
| Elwood,74 1984, Canada |
Case‐control 595/595 |
Episodes of severe sunburn (severe/frequent v rare/mild) |
Childhood |
1.9 (N/A) |
1.3 (0.9–1.8) |
Adjusted for hair, skin/eye colour, freckles, sun reaction, and ethnicity |
| Holman,73 1986, Australia |
Case‐control 507/507 |
⩾5 painful sunburns v none |
Childhood (age <10 y) |
N/A |
1.11 (0.51–2.41) (childhood) |
Limited to superficial spreading melanoma; adjusted for acute, chronic skin reaction, hair colour, country of origin, and age at arrival |
| Adolescence (age 15–24 y) |
0.98 (0.53–1.82) (adolescence) |
| Cristofolini,86 1987, Italy |
Case‐control 103/205 |
Severe sunburn (yes v no) |
Adolescence or early adult life |
N/A |
0.70 (0.41–1.19) |
Adjustment for age and sex only |
| Østerlind,56 1988, Denmark |
Case‐control 474/926 |
⩾5 Painful (severe) sunburns v never |
Childhood (age <15 y) |
3.7 (2.3–6.1) (childhood) |
2.7 (1.6–4.8) (childhood) |
Adjusted for sex, number of nevi, freckles, and hair colour; dose response apparent |
| Adolescence (age 15–24 y) |
2.4 (1.6–3.6) (adolescence) |
1.9 (1.2–3.1) 1.2 (0.6–2.7)* (adolescence) |
| Weinstock,41 1989, USA |
Nested case‐control 130/300 |
⩾5 Blistering sunburns v 0 |
Adolescence (age 15–20 y) |
1.9 (1.1–3.4) |
N/A |
No adjustment for confounders |
| Elwood,75 1990, UK |
Case‐control 195/195 |
Severe sunburn (ever v never) |
Childhood (age 8–12 y) |
N/A |
2.4 (0.8–7.3) |
Adjusted for nevi, freckling, social class, hair colour, and tendency to burn |
| Zanetti,70 1992, Italy |
Case‐control 260/416 |
Sunburn (often) v never |
Childhood |
12.0 (4.6–31.0) (sunburn often) |
3.8 (2.3–6.4) (ever sunburn childhood) |
Adjusted for sex, age, and type of skin reaction; dose response effect |
| Severe sunburn v never |
6.5 (3.4–12.3) (severe sunburn) |
| Nelemans,60 1993, Netherlands |
Case‐control 141/183 |
History of sunburn (yes v no) |
Adolescence (age 15–25 y) |
N/A |
3.90 (1.82–8.33) (indoor worker) |
Adjusted for age, sex, education, tendency to burn, hair colour, and, freckling. Effect modification apparent: increased risk in sun sensitive individuals |
| 1.90 (0.89–4.06) (outdoor worker) |
| Autier,76 1994, Belgium, France, Germany |
Case‐control 420/447 |
⩾5 Painful sunburns |
Childhood (age 5–14 y) |
1.75 (1.09–3.01) (childhood) |
1.49(0.97–2.32) (childhood) |
Adjusted for hair/eye colour, ability to tan, nevi count, and density of freckles |
| Adolescence (> age 14 y) |
1.86 (1.19–2.46) (adolescence) |
| Garbe,84 1994, Germany |
Case‐control 513/498 |
No. of sunburns |
Childhood and adolescence (age <20 y) |
N/A |
N/A |
Number of sunburns higher in cases |
| Westerdahl,77 1994, Sweden |
Case‐control 400/640 |
>5 Sunburns v never |
Childhood (<age 15 y) |
1.0 (0.5–2.1) (childhood) |
1.6 (1.0–2.6) (childhood) |
Adjusted for nevi and hair colour |
| Adolescence (age 15–19 y) |
0.9 (0.4–2.1) (adolescence) |
1.6 (1.0–2.5) (adolescence) |
| Holly,78 1995, USA |
Case‐control 452/930 |
Severe/frequent v rare/mild/no sunburn; ⩾7 painful sunburns v none |
Childhood (⩽age 12 y); elementary and high school |
3.3 (2.3–4.7) (childhood) |
1.9 (1.2–3.0) (childhood) |
Adjusted for sunscreen use, skin reaction to sun, hair colour, nevi, complexion, ethnicity, history of skin cancer, and age; dose response apparent; effect modification by ability to tan |
| 2.0 (1.4–2.9) (elementary school) |
| 2.4 (1.6–3.5) (high school) |
| Ródenas,79 1996, Spain |
Case‐control 105/138 |
Painful sunburn (often v never); blistering sunburn (yes v no); sunbaths (211 v 0) |
Childhood (< age 15 y) |
N/A |
2.4 (1.1–5.52) (painful sunburn) |
Adjusted for age, skin colour and type; dose response apparent. |
| 3.6 (1.5–8.4) (blistering sunburn) |
| 5.5 (2.3–13.3) (sunbaths) |
| Pfahlberg,83 2001, Europe |
Case‐control 603/627 |
⩾6 sunburns v none |
Childhood (⩽age 15 y) |
N/A |
2.0 (1.2–3.5) |
Adjusted for location, ethnic origin, age and sex |
| Kaskel,72 2001, Germany |
Case‐control 271/271 |
Sunburn ever v never |
Childhood (⩽12 y) |
5.7 (3.2–10.1) |
1.9 (0.9–4.2) |
Adjusted for age, gender, and residence |
| Siskind,80 2002, Australia |
Case‐control 1263/3111 |
Hours in summer sun on weekdays, weekends and holidays |
Childhood (age 5–12 y) |
N/A |
1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
Adjusted for skin colour, hair colour, propensity to burn, nevus density, and age |
| Kennedy,85 2003, Netherlands |
Case‐control 80/386 |
Painful sunburn |
Childhood/adolescence (age 0–19 y) |
N/A |
1.4 (0.9–2.1) |
Adjustment for age, sex, and skin type |
| Soloman,81 2004, USA |
Case‐control 386/727 |
No. of sunburns (3+ v none) |
Female childhood (age 2–10 y) |
N/A |
3.4 (2.2–5.4) |
Adjustment for age, sex, income, tendency to burn, and sunburns during age 2–10 |
| Female adolescence (age 11–20 y) |
3.3 (2.0–5.3) |
| Male childhood (age 2–10 y) |
1.8 (1.2–2.8) |
| Male adolescence (age 11–20 y) |
2.3 (1.4–3.5) |
| Bataille,82 2004, UK |
Case‐control 413/416 |
Severity of sunburns (ever v never) |
Childhood (< age 15 y) |
1.6 (1.1–2.3) |
1.3 (0.9–2.0) |
Adjusted for age, gender, and skin type |
