Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1991 Sep;173(18):5887–5892. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.18.5887-5892.1991

Nucleotide sequence of the gene (ard) encoding the antirestriction protein of plasmid colIb-P9.

E P Delver 1, V U Kotova 1, G B Zavilgelsky 1, A A Belogurov 1
PMCID: PMC208323  PMID: 1653225

Abstract

The IncI1 plasmid ColIb-P9 was found to encode an antirestriction function. The relevant gene, ard (alleviation of restriction of DNA), maps about 5 kb from the origin of transfer, in the region transferred early during bacterial conjugation. Ard inhibits both restriction and modification by each of the four type I systems of Escherichia coli tested, but it had no effect on restriction by either EcoRI, a type II system, or EcoP1, a type III system. The nucleotide sequence of the ColIb ard gene was determined; the predicted molecular weight of the Ard polypeptide is 19,193. The proposed polypeptide chain contains an excess of 25 negatively charged amino acids, suggesting that its overall character is very acidic. Deletion analysis of the gene revealed that the Ard protein contained a distinct functional domain located in the COOH-terminal half of the polypeptide. We suggest that the biological role of the ColIb Ard protein is associated with overcoming host-controlled restriction during bacterial conjugation.

Full text

PDF
5889

Images in this article

5889Image
on p.5889

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arber W., Wauters-Willems D. Host specificity of DNA produced by Escherichia coli. XII. The two restriction and modification systems of strain 15T-. Mol Gen Genet. 1970;108(3):203–217. doi: 10.1007/BF00283350. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BERTANI G., WEIGLE J. J. Host controlled variation in bacterial viruses. J Bacteriol. 1953 Feb;65(2):113–121. doi: 10.1128/jb.65.2.113-121.1953. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bachmann B. J. Pedigrees of some mutant strains of Escherichia coli K-12. Bacteriol Rev. 1972 Dec;36(4):525–557. doi: 10.1128/br.36.4.525-557.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bagdasarian M., D'Ari R., Filipowicz W., George J. Suppression of induction of SOS functions in an Escherichia coli tif-1 mutant by plasmid R100.1. J Bacteriol. 1980 Feb;141(2):464–469. doi: 10.1128/jb.141.2.464-469.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bailone A., Bäckman A., Sommer S., Célérier J., Bagdasarian M. M., Bagdasarian M., Devoret R. PsiB polypeptide prevents activation of RecA protein in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Nov;214(3):389–395. doi: 10.1007/BF00330471. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bandyopadhyay P. K., Studier F. W., Hamilton D. L., Yuan R. Inhibition of the type I restriction-modification enzymes EcoB and EcoK by the gene 0.3 protein of bacteriophage T7. J Mol Biol. 1985 Apr 20;182(4):567–578. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90242-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Belogurov A. A., Yussifov T. N., Kotova V. U., Zavilgelsky G. B. The novel gene(s) ARD of plasmid pKM101: alleviation of EcoK restriction. Mol Gen Genet. 1985;198(3):509–513. doi: 10.1007/BF00332948. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bolivar F., Rodriguez R. L., Greene P. J., Betlach M. C., Heyneker H. L., Boyer H. W., Crosa J. H., Falkow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose cloning system. Gene. 1977;2(2):95–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Day R. S., 3rd UV-induced alleviation of K-specific restriction of bacteriophage lambda. J Virol. 1977 Mar;21(3):1249–1251. doi: 10.1128/jvi.21.3.1249-1251.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Dunn J. J., Elzinga M., Mark K. K., Studier F. W. Amino acid sequence of the gene 0.3 protein of bacteriophage T7 and nucleotide sequence of its mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1981 Mar 10;256(5):2579–2585. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Efimova E. P., Delver E. P., Belogurov A. A. 2-Aminopurine and 5-bromouracil induce alleviation of type I restriction in Escherichia coli: mismatches function as inducing signals? Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Oct;214(2):317–320. doi: 10.1007/BF00337728. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Efimova E. P., Delver E. P., Belogurov A. A. Alleviation of type I restriction in adenine methylase (dam) mutants of Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Oct;214(2):313–316. doi: 10.1007/BF00337727. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Endlich B., Linn S. The DNA restriction endonuclease of Escherichia coli B. II. Further studies of the structure of DNA intermediates and products. J Biol Chem. 1985 May 10;260(9):5729–5738. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Golub E., Bailone A., Devoret R. A gene encoding an SOS inhibitor is present in different conjugative plasmids. J Bacteriol. 1988 Sep;170(9):4392–4394. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.9.4392-4394.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hansen J. B., Olsen R. H. Isolation of large bacterial plasmids and characterization of the P2 incompatibility group plasmids pMG1 and pMG5. J Bacteriol. 1978 Jul;135(1):227–238. doi: 10.1128/jb.135.1.227-238.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Howland C. J., Rees C. E., Barth P. T., Wilkins B. M. The ssb gene of plasmid ColIb-P9. J Bacteriol. 1989 May;171(5):2466–2473. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.5.2466-2473.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Howland C. J., Wilkins B. M. Direction of conjugative transfer of IncI1 plasmid ColIb-P9. J Bacteriol. 1988 Oct;170(10):4958–4959. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.10.4958-4959.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Konigsberg W., Godson G. N. Evidence for use of rare codons in the dnaG gene and other regulatory genes of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Feb;80(3):687–691. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.3.687. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Krüger D. H., Bickle T. A. Bacteriophage survival: multiple mechanisms for avoiding the deoxyribonucleic acid restriction systems of their hosts. Microbiol Rev. 1983 Sep;47(3):345–360. doi: 10.1128/mr.47.3.345-360.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mark K. K., Studier F. W. Purification of the gene 0.3 protein of bacteriophage T7, an inhibitor of the DNA restriction system of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1981 Mar 10;256(5):2573–2578. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Raibaud O., Schwartz M. Positive control of transcription initiation in bacteria. Annu Rev Genet. 1984;18:173–206. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.18.120184.001133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rees C. E., Bradley D. E., Wilkins B. M. Organization and regulation of the conjugation genes of IncI1 plasmid colIb-P9. Plasmid. 1987 Nov;18(3):223–236. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(87)90065-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Roulland-Dussoix D., Boyer H. W. The Escherichia coli B restriction endonuclease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Nov 19;195(1):219–229. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(69)90618-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sancar A., Hack A. M., Rupp W. D. Simple method for identification of plasmid-coded proteins. J Bacteriol. 1979 Jan;137(1):692–693. doi: 10.1128/jb.137.1.692-693.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Shine J., Dalgarno L. The 3'-terminal sequence of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA: complementarity to nonsense triplets and ribosome binding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr;71(4):1342–1346. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Spoerel N., Herrlich P., Bickle T. A. A novel bacteriophage defence mechanism: the anti-restriction protein. Nature. 1979 Mar 1;278(5699):30–34. doi: 10.1038/278030a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Stormo G. D., Schneider T. D., Gold L. M. Characterization of translational initiation sites in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 May 11;10(9):2971–2996. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.9.2971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Studier F. W. Gene 0.3 of bacteriophage T7 acts to overcome the DNA restriction system of the host. J Mol Biol. 1975 May 15;94(2):283–295. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90083-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Thoms B., Wackernagel W. UV-induced allevation of lambda restriction in Escherichia coli K-12: kinetics of induction and specificity of this SOS function. Mol Gen Genet. 1982;186(1):111–117. doi: 10.1007/BF00422921. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Vieira J., Messing J. The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):259–268. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90015-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Willetts N., Wilkins B. Processing of plasmid DNA during bacterial conjugation. Microbiol Rev. 1984 Mar;48(1):24–41. doi: 10.1128/mr.48.1.24-41.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Yanisch-Perron C., Vieira J., Messing J. Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene. 1985;33(1):103–119. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90120-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Yuan R. Structure and mechanism of multifunctional restriction endonucleases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:285–319. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.001441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Zabeau M., Friedman S., Van Montagu M., Schell J. The ral gene of phage lambda. I. Identification of a non-essential gene that modulates restriction and modification in E. coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1980;179(1):63–73. doi: 10.1007/BF00268447. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES