Table 3.
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores of 733 custodial grandmothers, by grandchildren’s gender and grandmothers’ race
| Grandchildren’s gender
|
Grandmother’s race
|
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (N=342) |
Female (N=391) |
White (N=367) |
Black (N=366) |
||||||||||||||
| SDQ scalea | M | SD | M | SD | pb | Effect size |
95% CI | M | SD | M | SD | pb | Effect size |
95% CI | |||
| Total difficulties | 13.1 | 8.1 | 11.1 | 7.6 | .001 | .26 | .11 to .40 | 12.9 | 8.4 | 11.3 | 7.4 | .007 | .20 | .06 to .35 | |||
| Emotional symptoms | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | .86 | .00 | −.15 to .15 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.2 | <.001 | .25 | .10 to .39 | |||
| Conduct problems | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | .01 | .17 | .02 to .31 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.3 | .871 | .00 | −.14 to .14 | |||
| Hyperactivity or inattention | 5.0 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 2.9 | <.001 | .37 | .22 to 51 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 2.9 | .009 | .20 | .05 to .34 | |||
| Peer problems | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | .006 | .24 | .09 to .38 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.9 | .042 | .14 | .00 to .29 | |||
| Prosocial behavior | 7.4 | 2.2 | 7.8 | 2.1 | .003 | .19 | .04 to .33 | 7.6 | 2.2 | 7.6 | 2.2 | .730 | .00 | −.14 to .14 | |||
a
Possible scores for the total difficulties scale range from 0 to 40. Possible scores for all other SDQ subscales range from 0 to 10. For all SDQ scales, higher scores indicate greater levels of the measured construct.
b
Significance value for t test; a table showing full t test data is available as an online supplement at ps.psychiatryonline.org.