Table 1 Mean neuropsychological domain scores (standard deviation) across the four congenital heart disease survivor groups.
| Dimension | Acyanotic‐closed (n = 34) | Acyanotic‐open (n = 25) | Cyanotic‐corrected (n = 19) | Cyanotic‐complex (n = 12) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attention* | 101.7 (9.7) | 98.5 (11.4) | 99.1 (10.6) | 95.4 (18.2) |
| Language* | 98.9 (15.3) | 101.8 (14.1) | 97.3 (11.6) | 92.5 (11.6)† |
| Sensorimotor* | 89.7 (16.8)† | 89.2 (14)† | 80.6 (12.8)‡ | 86.1 (14.5)‡ |
| Visuospatial* | 101.3 (15.6) | 100 (13.1) | 92.4 (14.5)† | 96.2 (10.4) |
| Memory* | 95.3 (15.7) | 100.7 (12.2) | 94.9 (11.1) | 96.1 (14.4) |
| Verbal reasoning§ | 8.7 (3) | 9.6 (1.7) | 7.8 (2.5)‡ | 8.8 (3.4) |
| Non‐verbal reasoning§ | 9.7 (2.6) | 9 (2.5) | 8.1 (3.3)† | 9.6 (2.4) |
| Social reasoning§ | 8.8 (2.5) | 9.9 (1.9) | 8.1 (2.3)† | 8.7 (2.3) |
| Cognitive speed§ | 8.7 (2.7) | 8.7 (2.6) | 9.6 (3.1) | 9.6 (2.7) |
| Number skills§ | 8.8 (2.7) | 9.3 (2.3) | 7.9 (2.9)† | 7.9 (2)† |
*Developmental neuropsychological assessment (NEPSY) tests: reference group mean 100 (SD 15).
†Study group mean is at least half a SD below reference group mean, defined as a medium effect size.
‡Study group mean is at least three quarters of a SD below reference group mean, defined as a large effect size in terms of clinical significance.25
§Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) tests: reference group mean 10 (SD 3).