Table 1 Psychometric and practical aspects of the clinical utility of the generic and diabetes specific questionnaires.
| Measures | No. of domains | No. of items | Validity | Reliability | Time to complete† | Recall period | Parent proxy | Norm scores‡ | No. of lang‐ uages | Disease modules |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generic | ||||||||||
| CHQ‐CF87 | 12: physical functioning role‐social physical role‐social emotional role‐social behaviour bodily pain self‐esteem mental health behaviour general health change in health family activities family cohesion | 87 | Content construct discriminative | 0.63<α<0.91* test‐retest inter‐rater | 20 min | 4 weeks | Yes | Healthy/ chronic illness diabetes | 20 | None |
| PedsQL 4.0 | 4: physical emotional social school | 23 | Content construct discriminative responsiveness | 0.68<α<0.88* inter‐rater factor analysis | 5–10 min | 1 month | Yes | Healthy/ chronic illness diabetes | 54 | 10: asthma brain tumor cancer cardiac cerebral palsy diabetes fatigue pain rheumatology |
| KINDL‐R | 6/7: physical wellbeing emotional wellbeing self esteem family friends every day functioning “disease” | 24/30 | Content construct discriminative responsiveness | 0.63<α<0.84* factor analysis | 10 min | 1 week | Yes | Healthy/ chronic illness | 15 | 5: asthma atopic‐ dermatitis cancer diabetes obesity |
| DISABKIDS | 6: emotion independence physical social inclusion social exclusion medication | 37/12 | Content | 0.79<α<0.90* factor analysis | NA | 4 weeks | Yes | Chronic illness | 6 | 7: arthritis asthmaatopic‐ dermatitis cerebral palsy cystic fybrosis diabetes epilepsy |
| Diabetes specific | ||||||||||
| DQOL‐Youth | 3: impact worries satisfaction with life | 52 | Content criterion | 0.82<α<0.85* | NA | None | No | Diabetes | 15 | |
| ADDQoL‐Teen | 2: impact other impact self | 25 | Content | 0.81<α<0.90* factor analysis | 10–15 min | None | No | None | 1 | |
| PedsQL‐DM | 5: symptoms treatment barriers treatment adherence worry communication | 28 | Content construct | 0.63<α<0.81* | 5–10 min | 1 month | Yes | Diabetes | 12 | |
| KINDL‐R ‐DM | 1 | 17 | Content | α = 0.80* factor analysis | 5 min | 1 week | Yes | None | 2 | |
| DISABKIDS‐ | 2: | 10 | Content | α = 0.84 and | NA | 4 weeks | Yes | None | 6 | |
| DM | impact | 0.85* | ||||||||
| treatment | factor analysis | |||||||||
*Internal consistency for subscales represented in Cronbach's α; †time to complete as indicated by the authors of the questionnaires; ‡norm scores available for healthy and/or chronically ill adolescents and/or adolescents with diabetes. NA, information not available.