| Universal hepatitis B |
Now |
As a combination or stand‐ |
Prevention of hepatitis B |
High efficacy. Used in most developed |
| vaccine |
|
alone vaccine for infants or |
transmission |
countries. Recommended by the WHO |
|
|
pre‐adolescents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Boosters of acellular |
Now |
As a teenage booster |
To reduce disease and transmission |
Recommended in the USA |
| pertussis vaccine |
|
vaccine |
of pertussis among young adults and |
|
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|
|
from young parents to their infants |
|
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|
|
|
|
| Varicella vaccine |
Now |
Combined with MMR or as |
Reduction of morbidity and mortality |
Universal immunisation in the USA |
|
|
a separate vaccine in |
associated with varicella and |
and Canada |
|
|
toddlers, or as a catch‐ |
complications of varicella (especially |
|
|
|
up for adolescents |
bacterial superinfection) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hepatitis A vaccine |
Now |
Children over 12 months |
Control of endemic and epidemic |
Used in Israel and recently added to the |
|
|
of age |
hepatitis A and as a travel vaccine |
USA immunisation schedule in response |
|
|
|
|
to outbreaks of hepatitis A |
|
|
|
|
|
| Influenza vaccine |
Now |
Highest disease rates in the |
Reduction of influenza morbidity |
Universal immunisation recommended |
|
|
those under 2 years of age |
and mortality in early childhood |
in the USA |
|
|
|
|
|
| Higher valency |
Expected within |
Infant immunisation but has |
Prevention of bacteraemia, |
Coverage of serotypes not included in |
| pneumococcal |
several years |
potential benefit for older |
pneumonia and meningitis and |
PnC7 that cause significant burden of |
| conjugate vaccines |
|
children and adults |
reduction of death and disability |
disease, such as serotype 1. Efficacy |
| (PnC10 and PnC13) |
|
|
caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
data not available |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rotavirus vaccine |
Available since |
Infants under 6 months |
Prevention of rotavirus morbidity, |
High efficacy against severe disease |
|
mid‐2006 |
of age |
hospitalisation and mortality |
and hospitalisation. Introduced in |
|
|
|
(estimated 14 deaths per year in the |
Mexico and available on private |
|
|
|
UK) |
prescription in Europe |
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|
|
| Human papilloma |
Available now |
Pre‐adolescent girls? |
Prevention of cervical cancer |
High efficacy reported |
| virus vaccines |
in some regions |
|
and genital warts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Meningococcal |
One vaccine |
As a toddler vaccine for direct |
Broader protection against |
Introduced for teenagers in the USA |
| ACYW |
available now |
protection of children or a |
meningococcal infection |
and Canada |
| vaccines and |
and others in |
teenage vaccine to provide |
|
|
| other various |
the pipeline |
direct protection in this at‐risk |
|
|
| combinations |
|
age group and herd immunity |
|
|
