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. 2007 Nov 7;104(46):18217–18222. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701693104

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Images of materials, growth compartments, and microbial culture on chips. (A) SEM of aluminum oxide showing pores on average 200 nm diameter. (B) Transmission light microscopy of hundreds of 20 × 20-μm compartments viewed from above. (C) SEM of 7 × 7-μm compartments from above at a 30° angle. (D) Culture of L. plantarum in six compartments of the same dimensions as C stained with a fluorogenic dye (Syto 9) after growth and imaged from above. (E) Detection of β-galactosidase activity using the fluorogenic substrate FDG, from E. coli containing plasmid pUC18 grown in a 20 × 20-μm compartment. (F) As in E with one plasmid-containing microcolony, viewed at lower magnification. (G) View of 20 × 20-μm format chip with one area supporting a GFP-expressing strain of E. coli in a background of nonfluorescent cells. (H) Previously uncultivated oligotrophic bacterium related to Dechloromonas sp. labeled by FDP metabolism and grown in a 20 × 20-μm compartment supplied by Rhine water, before recovery and identification by PCR.