Table 2. List of molecules known to participate in the development and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and their chromosomal locations in human and mouse.
| Chromosome/genetic locus, cM
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Gene | Human | Mouse |
| Matrix proteins | |||
| Aggrecan | AGCI | 15q26.1 | 7/39.0 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | ALPL | 1p36.1-p34 | 4/70.2 |
| Bone Gla protein (osteocalcin) | BGP | 1q25-q31 | 3/42.6 |
| Bone sialoprotein II | BSP | 4q21-q25 | 5/56.0 |
| Calcitonin receptor | CALCR | 7q21.3 | 6/3.0 |
| Carbonic anhydrase II | CA2 | 8q22 | 3/10.5 |
| Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein | COMP | 19p13.1 | 8/33.0 |
| Cathepsin K | CTSK | 1q21 | 3/47.9 |
| Chordin | CHRD | 3q27 | 16/14.0 |
| Collagen, type I, α1 | COL1A1 | 17q21.31-22 | 11/56.0 |
| Collagen, type I, α2 | COL1A2 | 7q22.1 | 6/068 |
| Collagen, type II, α1 | COL2A1 | 12q13.11-q13.2 | 1/15.0 |
| Collagen, type IX, α1 | COL9A1 | 6q13 | 15/54.5 |
| Collagen, type IX, α2 | COL9A2 | 1p33-p32.2 | 4/53.0 |
| Collagen, type XI, α1 | COL11A1 | 1p21 | 3/53.1 |
| Collagen, type XI, α2 | COL11A2 | 6p21.3 | 17/18.51 |
| Fibrillin 1 | FBN1 | 15q21.1 | 2/71.0 |
| Klotho | KL | 13q12 | 5/63 |
| MGP | MGP | 12p13.1-p12.3 | 6 |
| Monocyte chemotatic protein 1 | MCP1 (SCYA2) | 17q11.2-q12 | 11/46.5 |
| Noggin | NOG | 17q22 | 11/50.5 |
| Osteonectin | ON | 5q31.3-q32 | 11/29.9 |
| OPN (bone sialoprotein I) | OPN | 4q21-q25 | 5/56.0 |
| T cell, immune regulator I | ATP6i | 11q13.4-q13.5 | 19/6.0 |
| Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase | ACPS | 19p13.3-p13.1 | 9/6.0 |
| Thrombospondin 1 | TSP-1 | 15q15 | 2/65.0 |
| Transcription factor | |||
| Osterix (mouse) | OSX | 12q12 | 15 |
| Runt-related transcription factor 2 | RUNX2 (CBFA-1) | 6p21 | 17/28.07 |
| SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 | SOX9 | 17q24.3-q25.1 | 11/69.5 |
| SRY-box 5 | SOX5 | 12p12.1 | 6/69.5 |
| Signaling pathway components | |||
| BMP-2 | BMP-2 | 20p12 | 2/76.1 |
| BMP-4 | BMP-4 | 14q22-q23 | NA |
| CSF-1 receptor | CSF-1R (C-FMS) | 5p33.2-33.3 | 18/30.0 |
| Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 | SMAD6 | 15q21-q22 | 9 |
| Osteoprotegerin | OPG | 8q24 | NA |
| RANK | RANK | 18q22.1 | NA |
| RANKL | RANKL | 13q14 | 14/45.0 |
| TRAF-6 | TRAF6 | 11p11.2 | NA |
| TNF-α | TNF | 6p21.3 | 17/19.06 |
| TNF receptor 1 | TNFR1 | 12p13.2 | 6/60.55 |
| Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 | LRP5 | 11q13.4 | 19.B |
| Homeobox genes | |||
| Bagpipe homeobox | BAPX1 | 4p16.1 | 5/23.0 |
| Distal-less homeobox 5 | DLX5 | 7q22 | 6/2.0 |
| Distal-less homeobox 6 | DLX6 | 7q22 | 6/2.0 |
| Muscle segment homeobox | MSX2 | 5q34-q35 | 13/32.0 |
| Growth factors | |||
| CSF-1 (macrophage CSF) | CSF-1 (M-CSF) | 1p21-p13 | 3/51.0 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 2 | FGF2 | 4q25-q27 | 3/19.3 |
| Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 | FGFR3 | 4p16.3 | 5/20.0 |
| Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 | IGFBP4 | 17q12-q21 | NA |
| Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 | IGFBP5 | 2q33-q36 | 1/36.1 |
| Indian hedgehog | IHH | 2q33-q35 | 1/40.8 |
| Insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C) | IGF1 | 12q22-q24.1 | 10/48.0 |
| Insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A) | IGF2 | 11p15.5 | 7/69.09 |
| Interferon β | IFNB | 9p21 | 4/42.6 |
| Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) | PTHrP | 12p12.1-p11.2 | 6/74.0 |
| Platelet-derived growth factor, α polypeptide | PDGFA | 7p22 | 5/82.0 |
| Platelet-derived growth factor, β polypeptide | PDGFB | 22q12.3-q13.1 | 15/46.8 |
| Transforming growth factor β | TGFB1 | 19p13.1 | 7/6.5 |
| Hormones | |||
| Leptin | LEP | 7q31.3 | 5/10.5 |
| Leptin receptor | LEPR | 1p31 | 4/46.7 |
| Parathyroid hormone | PIH | 11p15.3-p15.1 | 7/52.5 |
cM, centimorgans; NA, not applicable; TRAF-6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6.