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Characterization of lipid tubules. (A) Chemical structure of the nickel lipid (DOGS-NTA-Ni) used in this study. (B) Nickel-functionalized lipid tubules negatively stained with 1% uranyl acetate: 90% GalCer, 10% DOGS-NTA-Ni. (Magnification ×7,600.) (C) Unstained, negatively charged lipid tubules preserved in vitrified buffer: 90% GalCer, 10% DOPS. The tubules are unilamellar with an inner diameter ≈160 Å and an outer diameter of ≈270 Å. (Magnification ×140,000.)
