. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Nov 24.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Jan 8;165(7):802–813. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwk065

TABLE 4.

Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for associations between dietary intake of isoflavones or isothiocyanates (or foods high in these compounds) and risk of ovarian cancer in the California Teachers Study cohort, from 1995–1996 to 2003

Nutrient or food intake/day	Median	No. of cases	Relative risk^*	95% confidence interval	Relative risk^†	95% confidence interval
Total isoflavones (mg)
≤0.7	0.5	70	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
>0.7–0.9	0.8	64	1.00	0.71, 1.41	1.00	0.71, 1.41
>0.9–1.3	1.1	55	0.93	0.64, 1.35	0.94	0.65, 1.36
>1.3–2.1	1.6	57	1.07	0.73, 1.57	1.08	0.74, 1.59
>2.1	3.3	34	0.71	0.45, 1.10	0.71	0.46, 1.12
			p_trend = 0.11^‡		p_trend = 0.13
<1	0.7	144	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
1–3	1.5	120	1.00	0.77, 1.30	1.01	0.78, 1.32
>3	4.5	16	0.56	0.33, 0.96	0.56	0.33, 0.96
			p_trend = 0.04^§		p_trend = 0.04^¶
Genistein (mg)
≤0.3	0.2	74	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
>0.3–0.5	0.4	63	0.94	0.67, 1.32	0.94	0.67, 1.32
>0.5–0.7	0.5	54	0.90	0.62, 1.30	0.90	0.63, 1.30
>0.7–1.1	0.8	57	1.04	0.71, 1.51	1.05	0.72, 1.54
>1.1	1.8	32	0.65	0.41, 1.01	0.65	0.42, 1.02
			p_trend = 0.06^¶		p_trend = 0.07^¶
Daidzein (mg)
≤0.3	0.2	70	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
>0.3–0.4	0.4	56	0.84	0.59, 1.20	0.85	0.59, 1.21
>0.4–0.6	0.5	55	0.90	0.63, 1.31	0.90	0.62, 1.31
>0.6–0.9	0.7	62	1.13	0.77, 1.64	1.15	0.79, 1.67
>0.9	1.4	37	0.75	0.48, 1.15	0.75	0.49, 1.16
			p_trend = 0.31		p_trend = 0.33
Foods high in isoflavones
Tofu/bean curd (g)
0	0.0	244	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
>0–<10	4.3	19	0.87	0.55, 1.39	0.87	0.55, 1.39
≥10	17.1	17	0.76	0.46, 1.24	0.76	0.46, 1.24
			p_trend = 0.24		p_trend = 0.22
Meat substitutes made from soy
None	0.00	256	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Any	6.25	24	0.84	0.55, 1.28	0.83	0.55, 1.27
			p_chi-square = 0.41		p_chi-square = 0.40
Total isothiocyanates (μmol)
≤2.0	0.7	51	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
>2.0–4.7	3.4	54	0.94	0.64, 1.37	0.93	0.63, 1.36
>4.7–8.0	6.4	61	1.00	0.69, 1.45	0.99	0.68, 1.44
>8.0–14.2	10.6	57	0.89	0.61, 1.30	0.89	.61, 1.30
>14.2	21.9	57	0.89	0.61, 1.31	0.89	0.61, 1.31
			p_trend = 0.53		p_trend = 0.56
<5	2.1	114	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
5–20	9.3	135	0.93	0.72, 1.19	0.93	0.72, 1.19
>20	27.2	31	0.83	0.55, 1.24	0.84	0.56, 1.26
			p_trend = 0.35		p_trend = 0.38
Foods high in isothiocyanates
Cauliflower/brussels sprouts (g)
0.0	0.0	99	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
>0.0–2.1	1.1	42	0.87	0.61, 1.25	0.87	0.61, 1.25
>2.1–4.1	2.5	43	0.78	0.54, 1.12	0.77	0.54, 1.11
>4.1–8.0	5.4	49	0.86	0.60, 1.21	0.86	0.61, 1.22
>8.0	12.8	47	0.79	0.56, 1.13	0.80	0.56, 1.15
			p_trend = 0.29		p_trend = 0.33
Broccoli (g)
≤3.3	0.8	51	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
>3.3–7.8	5.4	59	1.03	0.71, 1.51	1.03	0.71, 1.50
>7.8–14.4	10.2	54	0.96	0.65, 1.41	0.97	0.66, 1.42
>14.4–23.5	16.3	67	1.24	0.86, 1.80	1.24	0.86, 1.79
>23.5	40.0	49	0.91	0.61, 1.35	0.91	0.61, 1.36
			p_trend = 0.62		p_trend = 0.64
Mustard greens/turnip greens/collards
None	0.0	242	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Any	3.9	38	1.00	0.71, 1.43	1.01	0.71, 1.44
			p_chi-square = 0.98		p_chi-square = 0.95
Cabbage/cole slaw (g)
0.0	0.0	83	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
>0.0–1.1	0.7	36	0.79	0.54, 1.18	0.78	0.53, 1.16
>1.1–1.8	1.4	44	0.90	0.62, 1.31	0.89	0.62, 1.29
>1.8–3.6	3.4	57	1.05	0.75, 1.49	1.05	0.74, 1.48
>3.6	7.4	60	1.13	0.79, 1.60	1.12	0.79, 1.59
			p_trend = 0.22		p_trend = 0.21

Adjusted for race and total energy intake; stratified by age at baseline.

^†

Adjusted for race, total energy intake, parity, oral contraceptive use, strenuous exercise, wine consumption, and menopausal status/hormone therapy use; stratified by age at baseline.

^‡

All p values are two sided.

^§

p_{nonlinearity of trend} = 0.02.

^¶

p_{nonlinearity of trend} > 0.05.