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. 2001 Nov 15;108(10):1451–1458. doi: 10.1172/JCI13620

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Shear stress upregulates TRAF-3 in vitro and in vivo. (a) HUVECs were exposed to shear stress, and TRAF-3 mRNA was detected by RNase protection assay, with GAPDH as loading control (mean ± SEM; n = 3). (b and c) Time- and dose-dependent upregulation of TRAF-3 protein by shear stress exposure. HUVECs were exposed to shear stress as indicated and TRAF-3 protein was detected by Western blot analysis. Representative figures from three to four experiments are shown. (d and e) HUVECs were exposed to shear stress, and expression of TRAF-2, TRAF-5 (d), and CD40 receptor (e) were detected by Western blot analysis (n = 3). (f) Human atherosclerotic plaques from nine patients with coronary artery disease were stained with TRAF-3 antibody (right), and endothelial cells were stained in serial sections with a CD31 antibody (left) to confirm cell type–specific expression. The scheme depicts different regions of the vessel (upstream and downstream areas of the plaques and in the maximal stenosis) with the local flow conditions. Representative sections are shown.