Figure 3 Optical densities in the box plots are expressed as the ratio of the optical densities of total hydroxynonenal (HNE)‐protein adducts to those of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Standard box plots with median (25th and 75th percentiles) and whiskers (at minimum and maximum values) are shown. At baseline, total levels of HNE‐protein adducts were significantly greater in the external intercostal muscles of patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) than in control muscles (median values 1.15 and 0.63, respectively, p = 0.002). Total muscle HNE‐protein adducts were not significantly modified after a 6‐month treatment period with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (median value 0.87, p = 0.327). OSAS‐pre, patients with OSAS before treatment with CPAP; OSAS‐post, patients with OSAS after 6 months of treatment with CPAP.