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Effect of AGE-BSA exposure on total TGF-β production. Total TGF-β levels were measured by ELISA (mean ± SEM). AGE-BSA, but not BSA, exposure caused a dose-dependent increase in TGF-β protein levels at 3 days that was abrogated by the presence of either Ab’s to RAGE (R) or TGF-β (T), but not by control Ab’s (C). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. AGE-BSA (0 μM); #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. AGE-BSA (40 μM) by ANOVA.
