Table 2.
Exercise and clinical data on the study groups. Values are means (SE).
| Group | Control (n = 24) | Exercise (n = 24) | p value | |
| Variable | ||||
| VO2max | 0 mo | 32.6 (1.1) | 32.0 (1.1) | |
| (ml/kg/min) | 12 mo | 31.5 (0.6) | 34.7 (0.6) | |
| Net diff | 3.2 | |||
| 95% CI | 1.4 to 5.0 | 0.001 | ||
| Weight | 0 mo | 94.1 (2.2) | 90.0 2.2) | |
| (kg) | 12 mo | 92.4 (0.7) | 91.4 (0.7) | |
| Net diff | -1.4 | |||
| 95% CI | -2.8 to 0.1 | 0.072 | ||
| Sit-up | 0 mo | 14.6 (9.6) | 12.7 (7.3) | |
| (times) | 12 mo | 14.7 (1.2) | 18.3 (1.2) | |
| Net diff | 6.7 | |||
| 95% CI | 4.3 to 9.0 | < 0.001 | ||
| HBA1c | 0 mo | 8.0 (1.3) | 8.2 (2.1) | |
| (%) | 12 mo | 8.4 (0.2) | 7.5 (0.2) | |
| Net diff | -0.9 | |||
| 95% CI | -1.6 to -0.3 | 0.006 | ||
| Insulin | 0 mo | 13.6 (2.3) | 16.7 (2.3) | |
| (mmol/l) | 12 mo | 13.6 (1.3) | 11.7 (1.3) | |
| Net diff | -1.9 | |||
| 95% CI | -5.6 to 1.8 | 0.31 | ||
| Cholesterol | 0 mo | 4.85 (.18) | 4.63 (.18) | |
| (mmol/l) | 12 mo | 4.89 (.11) | 4.61 (.11) | |
| Net diff | -0.28 | |||
| 95% CI | -.58 to 0.03 | 0.07 | ||
| HDL | 0 mo | 1.13 (.05) | 1.09 (.05) | |
| (mmol/l) | 12 mo | 1.18 (.03) | 1.12 (.03) | |
| Net diff | -0.06 | |||
| 95% CI | -.13 to .02 | 0.14 | ||
| LDL | 0 mo | 3.24 (.17) | 3.15 (.17) | |
| (mmol/l) | 12 mo | 3.17 (.10) | 3.10 (.10) | |
| Net diff | -0.7 | |||
| 95% CI | -.35 to .22 | 0.68 | ||
| Triglycerides | 0 mo | 1.83 (.15) | 1.70 (.15) | |
| (mmol/l) | 12 mo | 1.80 (.13) | 1.70 (.13) | |
| Net diff | -0.09 | |||
| 95% CI | -.45 to 0.26 | 0.60 | ||
| SBP | 0 mo | 146 (15) | 144 (17) | |
| (mmHg) | 12 mo | 144 (1.9) | 138 (1.9) | |
| Net diff | -5.5 | |||
| 95% CI | -10.8 to 0.2 | 0.041 | ||
| E (m/s) | 0 mo | 0.69 (.03) | 0.64 (.03) | |
| 12 mo | 0.70 (.03) | 0.71 (.03) | ||
| Net diff | .01 | |||
| 95% CI | -.07 to .09 | 0.77 | ||
| A (m/s) | 0 mo | 0.66 (.03) | 0.68 (.03) | |
| 12 mo | 0.69 (.02) | 0.71 (.02) | ||
| Net diff | .02 | |||
| 95% CI | -.04 to .09 | 0.46 |
VO2max = maximal oxygen consumption; 0 mo/12 mo = measurements at baseline and after 12 months of intervention; Net diff. = difference of change compared to the control group (analysis of covariance); 95% CI = 95% confidence interval for the net difference; Weight = body weight; Sit-up = sit-up test, number of repetitions; HBA1c = glycated hemoglobin; Insulin = serum insulin; Cholesterol = total cholesterol; HDL = high-density cholesterol; LDL = low-density cholestrol; Triglycerides = blood triglyceride concentration; SBP = systolic blood pressure; E = mitral inflow early diastolic velocity; A = mitral inflow late diastolic velocity.