Figure 1.

West Nile virus diagnostic platforms (including biocontainment levels at which procedures are performed). *The manipulation of bird tissue may require level 3 (L3) containment. This is advised due to high viral load in infected corvids and other bird species. Ag Antigen; HI Hemagglutination inhibition; IHC-IFA Immunohistochemistry-immunofluorescence assay; L2 Level 2; NASBA Nucleic acid sequence based amplification; NATs nucleic acid amplification tests; PCR Polymerase chain reaction; PRNT plaque-reduction neutralization test