TABLE 1.

Risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease

Risk factors for CMV disease	References
CMV seropositivity	Shepp et al (3)
CD4 cell count nadir <100 cells/µL	Gallant et al (2)
Prior occurrence of other opportunistic infections	Burke et al (54)
CMV viremia in polymorphonuclear leukocytes or plasma	Dodt et al (28), Casado et al (55), Spector et al (29), Walmsley et al (30)
HIV plasma viremia	Spector et al (29)
Prior retinal damage (cotton wool spots)	Jacobson and Mills (56)
Previous CMV disease (retinal or extraocular)	Verbraak et al (31)
Lack of anti-CMV therapy	Spector et al (57)
Lack of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)	Verbraak et al (14)