TABLE 2.

Risk factors that predispose children to invasive pneumococcal disease

Risk	Risk factor
High risk	Sickle cell disease, congenital or acquired
	asplenia, or splenic dysfunction
	Infection with HIV
Presumed high risk	Congenital immune deficiency
(attack rate unknown)	Diseases associated with immunosuppressive
	therapy or radiation therapy (including malignant
	neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas and
	Hodgkin’s disease) and solid organ
	transplantation
	Chronic renal insufficiency, including nephrotic
	syndrome
	Chronic cardiac disease (particularly cyanotic
	congenital heart disease and cardiac failure)
	Chronic pulmonary disease (excluding asthma,
	except those treated with high-dose oral
	corticosteroid therapy)
	Cerebrospinal fluid leaks
	Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
Moderate risk	All children 24 to 59 months of age, especially
	children 24 to 36 months of age, children
	attending group child care, and children in
	Aboriginal populations living in northern Canada

Table reproduced with the permission from the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada (2)