Western blot analysis of mAChR subtype expression in the membrane protein samples extracted from control and ATP left atria. (a) Examples of western blot bands recognized by antibodies against M2, M3 or M4 subtypes of mAChRs, as well as corresponding GAPDH bands from the same gels. (b) Mean±s.e.m. protein band densities were expressed as intensity ratios normalized to corresponding GAPDH bands (n=6 independent protein samples, one from each of six different dogs in each group, for each mAChR subtype. *P<0.05). ATP, atrial tachypaced; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; mAChR, muscarinic cholinergic receptor.