Figure 1. AFM images of the apical surface of a mouse urothelium adsorbed to a cellulose membrane, and fixed in AFM mounting.

The sample was mounted on nitrocellulose membrane and fixed briefly by laying a drop of 8% glutaraldehyde on the sample for 10 min and rinsed with PBS. (A) Overview of the apical surface showing a continuous coverage of urothelial plaques and the cell borders between three umbrella cells. (B) Typical image of the apical surface covered with urothelial plaques with deep infolds. (C) and (D) Height and deflection images, respectively, of the a border between two umbrella cells. (C) The cell border is a raised ridge with fine details. (D) The interdigitations between the two neighboring cells are highlighted by arrowheads. (E) and (F) Transmission EM images of 2 consecutive thin sections of the cell border. Note that the most apical membrane contact (indicated by arrowheads) changed orientation.