Table 1.
Summary of extracellular nucleotide regulation of ROS production by immune and tumor cells
Cell type | Treatments* | Nucleotide effect on ROS production* | Receptors proposed | Method for measuring ROS production | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human neutrophils | fMLP + ATP, ADP, or AMP | ATP or ADP: ↑ | Not discussed | SOD-sensitive reduction of ferricytochrome c | [68] |
AMP: ↑ | |||||
Immune complex + ATP, ADP, or AMP | ATP, ADP, or AMP: ↑ | ||||
Rat peritoneal neutrophils | fMLP + ATP, ADP, or AMP | ATP or ADP: ↑ | Not discussed | Ferrithiocyanate formation ± ferricytochrome c ± SOD | [69] |
Immune complex + ATP, ADP, or AMP | ATP, ADP, or AMP: ↑ | ||||
Human or rat blood neutrophils | fMLP or immune complex + ATP | ATP: ↑ | |||
Human neutrophils | fMLP + ATP, UTP, or ITP | ATP, UTP, or ITP: ↑ | None identified | Ferricytochrome c reduction assay | [70] |
Human HL 60 cells (promyelocytic leukemia cells) | ATP, ADP, dATP, UTP, dUTP, UDP, ITP, CTP, or TTP | ATP or UTP: ↑ | P2 receptors | SOD-sensitive reduction of ferricytochrome c | [72] |
Human neutrophils | ATP | ATP: ↑ | Not discussed | Ferricytochrome c reduction assay | [71] |
Rat alveolar macrophages | ATP, ADP, AMP, or ATPγS | ATP, ADP, or ATPγS: ↑ | 2 or more P2 receptor classes | SOD-sensitive reduction of ferricytochrome c | [74] |
Human eosinophils | ATP, ATPγS, 2-MeS-ATP, UTP, GTP, ADP, BzATP, or CTP | ATP, ATPγS, 2-MeS-ATP, UTP, GTP, or BzATP: ↑ | P2Y and P2X receptors | Lucigenin-dependent chemi-luminescence | [75, 76] |
oATP or KN62: ↑ | |||||
Human neutrophils and promyelocytes (HL-60 cells) | BzATP | BzATP: ↑ | P2X7 | DCFDA fluorescence (intracellular ROS) | [73] |
Human DU145 cells (prostate cancer) | ATP, ADP, UTP, or 2-MeS-ATP | ATP, ADP, UTP, or 2-MeS-ATP: ↑ | P2 receptors | DCFDA fluorescence (intracellular ROS) | [21] |
Rat mesangial cells | BzATP | BzATP: ↑ | P2X7 | DCFDA fluorescence (intracellular ROS) | [77] |
Rat microglia | BzATP or ATP | BzATP or ATP: ↑ | P2X7 | SOD-sensitive reduction of ferricytochrome c; tetrazolium dye reduction; translocation of p67phox (NADPH oxidase subunit) | [78] |
Human ARO cells (thyroid cancer) | ATP | ATP: ↑ | P2Y | DCFDA fluorescence (intracellular ROS) | [20] |
Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages | BzATP, ATP, UTP, or αβ-Methylene-ATP | BzATP or ATP: ↑ | P2X7 | DCFDA fluorescence (intracellular ROS) | [79] |
* The upward arrow (↑ indicates that the specified treatment enhanced the indicated parameter (ROS production), whereas the downward arrow (↑ designates that the specified treatment or inhibitor (e.g., oATP or KN-62) attenuated ROS production. SOD superoxide dismutase, DCFDA the intracellular ROS-reactive indicator dye- 2–7–dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.