Dependence of the beat frequency on the viscosity, for a single cilium, in the range μwater ≤ μ ≤ 5μwater. The vertical error bars represent model results with the estimated measurement errors, and the dashed line is a minimal least-squares fit. The linear decrease in beat frequency with exponentially increasing viscosity for the cilia of Paramecium, shown in the figure, is reproduced from ref. 1. Note that the abscissa is on a logarithmic scale.