Table I.
Distribution of laterality in maternal cradling and infant positional biases in primates
| Author (s) | Genus | #L | #R | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal cradling/Infant position | ||||
| Manning et al. (1994)a | Gorilla | 13 | 2 | Captive |
| Pan | 16 | 4 | Captive | |
| Pongo | 4 | 4 | Captive | |
| Hylobates | 7 | 2 | Captive | |
| Lockard (1984) | Gorilla | 1 | 0 | Captive |
| Fischer et al. (1982) | Gorilla | 3 | 0 | Captive |
| Hopkins et al. (1993)b | Pan | 10 | 5 | Captive |
| Dienske et al. (1995) | Pan | 4 | 5 | Captive |
| Toback (1999) | Pan | 11 | 3 | Captive |
| Rogers and Kaplan (1995) | Pongo | 1 | 3 | Wild |
| Tanaka (1989) | Macaca | 3 | 5 | Captive |
| Tomaszycki et al. (1998) | Macaca | 21 | 20 | Captive |
| Westergaard et al. (1998) | Cebus | 12 | 4 | Captive |
| Fagot (1993) | Papio | 2 | 2 | Captive |
| Damerose and Hopkins (2002) | Papio | 7 | 3 | Captive |
| Nipple preference | ||||
| Nishida (1993) | Pan | 18 | 10 | Wild |
| Dienske et al. (1995) | Pan | 5 | 4 | Captive |
| Deets and Harlow (1970) | Macaca | 2 | 2 | Captive |
| Erwin et al. (1975) | Macaca | 18 | 28 | Captive |
| Tanaka (1989) | Macaca | 21 | 19 | Captive |
| Tomaszycki et al. (1998) | Macaca | 25 | 15 | Captive |
| Hiraiwa (1981) | Macaca | 7 | 6 | Captive |
| Fagot (1993) | Papio | 1 | 3 | Captive |
| Damerose and Hopkins (2002) | Papio | 7 | 2 | Captive |
| Rogers and Kaplan (1998) | Callithrix | 7 | 8 | Captive |
Note. observational conditions are coded as captive or wild but wild-caught individuals comprised many of the subjects that were observed in captivity. L (left) and R (right) refer to the position of the infant on the mother’s ventrum.
a
This includes data published by Manning and Chamberlain (1990).
b
This includes additional data not published in Hopkins et al. (1993).