Table 1.

Risk factors for COPD included in the final prevalence model

Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI) (univariate model)	Odds Ratio (95% CI) (final logistic model)
MEN (n = 4970)
Smoking Status	(P < 0.001)	(P < 0.001)
- Never smoker	1	1
- Former smoker	3.63 (2.54 – 5.21)	2.18 (1.48 – 3.23)
- Current Smoker	3.81 (2.64 – 5.52)	4.50 (3.01 – 6.74)
Age-group (in years of age)	(P < 0.001)	(P < 0.001)
- <35	1	1
- 35–44	1.65 (0.86 – 3.17)	1.94 (0.99 – 3.78)
- 45–54	2.45 (1.33 – 4.50)	2.66 (1.41 – 4.99)
- 55–64	6.91 (4.02 – 11.89)	7.92 (4.46 – 14.07)
- 65–74	10.40 (6.08 – 17.80)	12.69 (7.12 – 22.60)
- 75+	12.15 (6.78 – 21.76)	16.02 (8.57 – 29.94)
Area of residence	(P = 0.02)	(P = 0.25)
- Urban	1	1
- Suburban	0.70 (0.50 – 0.97)	0.74 (0.51 – 1.06)
- Rural	0.58 (0.39 – 0.86)	0.72 (0.46 – 1.15)
Ethnicity	(P = 0.64)	(P = 0.95)
- White	1	1
- Black/Black British	1.20 (0.48 – 2.99)	1.17 (0.44 – 3.10)
- Asian/Asian British	0.69 (0.28 – 1.70)	0.97 (0.37 – 2.51)
Quintile of Multiple Deprivation Score	1.22 (1.11 – 1.34) (P < 0.001)	1.17 (1.05 – 1.31) (P = 0.005)
WOMEN (n = 5779)
Smoking Status	(P < 0.001)	(P < 0.001)
- Never smoker	1	1
- Former smoker	1.70 (1.07 – 2.64)	1.26 (0.79 – 2.01)
- Current Smoker	3.53 (2.43 – 5.14)	4.11 (2.74 – 6.15)
Age-group (in years of age)	(P < 0.001)	(P < 0.001)
- <35	1	1
- 35–44	1.08 (0.53 – 2.19)	1.35 (0.65 – 2.79)
- 45–54	2.34 (1.28 – 4.30)	2.69 (1.42 – 5.09)
- 55–64	4.18 (2.34 – 7.47)	6.03 (3.26 – 11.15)
- 65–74	5.36 (2.99 – 9.61)	8.04 (4.33 – 14.91)
- 75+	5.34 (2.79 – 10.22)	10.40 (5.18 – 20.87)
Area of residence	(P = 0.01)	(P = 0.04)
- Urban	1	1
- Suburban	0.62 (0.42 – 0.92)	0.59 (0.39 – 0.90)
- Rural	0.47 (0.29 – 0.77)	0.55 (0.32 – 0.96)
Ethnicity	(P = 0.19)	(P = 0.50)
- White	1	1
- Black/Black British	1.14 (0.42 – 3.12)	1.81 (0.64 – 5.14)
- Asian/Asian British	0.24 (0.03 – 1.76)	0.60 (0.08 – 4.47)
Quintile of Multiple Deprivation Score	1.18 (1.05 – 1.34) (P = 0.005)	1.11 (0.98 – 1.27) (P = 0.11)