Table 1.
Characteristics of the study samples
| Czech Republic | Germany | p* | |
| Participants, n | 7522 | 4032 | |
| Individual level variables | |||
| Mean age (± SD) | 57.8 (± 6.9) | 57.7 (± 6.6) | 0.281 |
| Women, % (number) | 55.2 (4150) | 51.5 (2075) | <0.001 |
| Education, % (number) | |||
| primary | 12.5 (934) | 10.0 (401) | <0.001 |
| vocational | 36.9 (2761) | 55.5 (2230) | |
| secondary | 37.0 (2769) | 16.4 (659) | |
| university degree | 13.7 (1022) | 18.2 (730) | |
| Social isolation, % (number) | 5.5 (406) | 3.0 (119) | <0.001 |
| Economic activity, % (number) | |||
| still employed | 53.8 (4009) | 46.2 (1859) | <0.001 |
| retired | 42.5 (3162) | 32.3 (1299) | |
| unemployed | 3.1 (228) | 7.0 (282) | |
| inactive, other | 0.6 (46) | 14.4 (580) | |
| Obesity, % (number) | 30.0 (1868) | 26.4 (1059) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % (number) | 55.6 (4177) | 41.7 (1680) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, % (number) | 26.9 (1996) | 25.0 (1006) | 0.028 |
| Low physical activity, % (number) | 30.8 (2230) | 44.7 (1799) | <0.001 |
| Area level variables | |||
| Unemployment rate, mean (SD) | 10.4 (± 5.6) | 12.3 (± 3.4) | <0.001 |
| Overcrowding – m2of living space per person, mean (SD) | 18.8 (± 3.1) | 38.9 (± 4.6) | <0.001 |
* chi-square test for categorical and t-test for continuous variables