Table 2.

Comparison of techniques (constant, linear, power law, and no correction) used for correcting measured values of modulus and yield stress. Percent error and paired t-test are calculated for corrected vs. true (side-artifact-free) values. Slope (m), intercept (b), and coefficient of determination (R²) are reported for the linear regression of true vs. corrected values.

Correction Technique	Anatomic Site	Measure (MPa)	Percent Error (mean ± S.D.)	p-value (paired t-test)	Linear fit: (vs. True values)
					m	b	R2
None	Pooled	E	−15.9 ± 6.7	< 0.001	1.04	85.8	> 0.99
		σy	−20.9 ± 9.1	< 0.001	1.10	0.6	0.99
	VB	E	−18.8 ± 5.5	< 0.001	1.12	49.2	0.99
		σy	−23.0 ± 9.0	< 0.001	1.14	0.4	0.96
	FN	E	−8.8 ± 3.2	< 0.001	1.03	90.8	> 0.99
		σy	−15.8 ± 7.1	< 0.001	1.07	0.8	0.99
Constant	Pooled	E	0.4 ± 6.0	0.11	0.97	15.4	> 0.99
		σy	1.3 ± 10.9	0.09	0.93	0.2	0.99
	VB	E	0.5 ± 6.8	0.15	0.90	49.2	0.99
		σy	1.5 ± 11.9	0.17	0.87	0.4	0.96
	FN	E	0.1 ± 3.5	0.47	0.94	90.8	> 0.99
		σy	0.7 ± 8.5	0.33	0.90	0.8	0.99
Linear	Pooled	E	0.8 ± 5.5	0.28	0.99	−1.6	> 0.99
		σy	1.0 ± 10.3	0.52	0.98	0.0	> 0.99
	VB	E	0.4 ± 6.1	0.67	0.98	7.5	0.98
		σy	1.4 ± 11.4	0.45	0.93	0.2	0.95
	FN	E	1.7 ± 3.3	0.28	1.02	−56.8	0.99
		σy	0.0 ± 7.4	0.92	0.98	0.2	0.98
Power	Pooled	E	0.3 ± 5.2	0.42	0.98	13.7	> 0.99
		σy	0.6 ± 10.0	0.57	0.97	0.1	0.99
	VB	E	0.3 ± 6.0	0.68	1.01	−3.6	0.98
		σy	0.8 ± 11.1	0.74	0.95	0.2	0.95
	FN	E	13.4 ± 5.8	0.06	0.98	0.5	> 0.99
		σy	0.1 ± 7.5	0.65	0.95	0.5	0.99