Table 2.
Generalized two stage least squares (G2SLS) estimation of parsimonious and extended models
| Model 1: Telephone | Model 2: TV | |||
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | |
| Dep. Var. → | Phone | Death ratio | TV | Death ratio |
| Parsimonious models | ||||
| Telephone | -0.421 (0.119) *** | |||
| TV | -0.680 (0.164) *** | |||
| GDP | 1.141 (0.108) *** | 0.468 (0.106) *** | ||
| Urban | 0.020 (0.004) *** | 0.030 (0.004) *** | ||
| External res. for health | -0.008 (0.005) | -0.002 (0.009) | -0.023 (0.005)*** | -0.019 (0.011)* |
| Out-of-pocket health expend. | 0.003 (0.002) | -0.016 (0.004)*** | 0.013 (0.002)*** | -0.006 (0.004) |
| Constant | -6.655 (0.935)*** | -4.346 (0.641)*** | -1.467 (0.928) | -3.451 (0.805)*** |
| N | 236 | 236 | 221 | 221 |
| R2 | 0.73 | 0.22 | 0.67 | 0.14 |
| F-stat | 152.96 (0.000)*** | 10.51 (0.000)*** | 110.71 (0.000)*** | 10.51 (0.000)*** |
| Extended models | ||||
| Telephone | -0.374 (0.199)* | |||
| TV | -0.656 (0.207)*** | |||
| GDP | 0.687 (0.096)*** | 0.251 (0.111)** | ||
| Urban | 0.020 (0.003)*** | 0.030 (0.003)*** | ||
| External res. for health | -0.014 (0.004) | -0.004 (0.011) | -0.025 (0.005)*** | -0.022 (0.012)* |
| Out-of-pocket Health expend. | 0.005 (0.002)** | -0.018 (0.004)*** | 0.012 (0.002)*** | -0.008 (0.005) |
| Public health | 0.084 (0.037)** | -0.013 (0.092) | -0.015 (0.045) | -0.006 (0.090) |
| Immunization | 0.026 (0.002)*** | -0.011 (0.008) | .0142 (0.003)*** | -0.009 (0.006) |
| Constant | -5.249 (0.755)*** | -3.448 (0.555)*** | -0.742 (0.883) | -2.679 (0.777)*** |
| N | 236 | 236 | 221 | 221 |
| R2 | 0.83 | 0.23 | 0.71 | 0.16 |
| F-stat | 184.12 (0.000)*** | 13.02 (0.000)*** | 88.55 (0.000)*** | 10.71 (0.000)*** |
Note: ***, **, * imply significance at 1%, 5% and 10% levels, respectively; numbers in parentheses are the heteroscedasticity-corrected robust standard errors.