Table 1.
Measurements of femur and tibia (macerated bones) in Elephas maximus (Em) and Loxodonta africana (La) (in mm)
| F | T | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual | Sex | Side | Epiphyses (F: distal, T: proximal) | Bd | Bm | Bl | Bi | Bp | Bm | Bl |
| Em 1 | Female | right | fused | 158 | 79 | 71 | 10.5 | |||
| left | fused | 160 | 86 | 81 | ||||||
| Em 2 | Male | right | partly fused | 161 | 153 | 86 | 71 | |||
| left | partly fused | 166 | 84 | 73 | 9.5 | 160 | 94 | 78 | ||
| Em 3 | Male | right | partly fused | 188 | 92 | 87 | 12.5 | 183 | 100 | 95 |
| Em 4 | ? | right | F: fused, T: partly fused | 172 | 93 | 75 | 9 | 171 | 97 | 84 |
| left | F: fused, T: partly fused | 179 | 95 | 78 | 7.5 | 171 | 97 | 82 | ||
| Em 5 | Male | right | not fused | 158.5 | 77 | 78 | 11.5 | 154 | 84 | 82 |
| left | not fused | 157 | 75.5 | 75.5 | 13 | 152 | 81 | 83 | ||
| Em 6 | Female | right | not fused | 147.5 | 66.5 | 62.5 | 19.5 | 148 | 80 | 79 |
| Em 7 | ? | right | not fused | 132 | 57 | 58 | 19 | 124 | 66 | 65 |
| left | not fused | 133 | 56 | 56 | 21 | 125 | 64 | 65 | ||
| La 1 (arthrotic joints) | Female | right | fused | 163 | 82 | 75 | 5 | 154 | 88 | 76 |
| left | fused | 165 | 85 | 79 | 0 | 159 | 85 | 82 | ||
| La 2 | Female | right | fused | 160 | 91 | 64 | 9.5 | 157 | 90 | 73 |
| left | fused | 159 | 90 | 61 | 12.5 | 154 | 90 | 74 | ||
| La 3 | Male | right | not fused | 221 | 116 | 100 | 10.5 | 211 | 122 | 105 |
| left | not fused | 221 | 120 | 97 | 12.5 | 210 | 114 | 109 | ||
| La 4 | Male | right | not fused | 62 | 22 | 140 | 85 | 74 | ||
F, femur; T, tibia. Femur: Bd, distal breadth of femur according to Von den Driesch (1976) (from the medial to the lateral edge of the articular surfaces of the condyli; the measuring points lie close to the area of insertion of the medial collateral ligament or to the area of origin of the M. popliteus, respectively); Bm, breadth of the medial condyle of the femur (all femoral measurements are co-planar with Bd); Bl, breadth of the lateral condyle; Bi, breadth of the Fossa intercondylaris between the medial edge of the articular surface of the lateral condyle and the lateral edge of the articular surface of the medial condyle. Tibia: Bp, proximal breadth of the tibia according to Von den Driesch (1976); Bm, breadth of the medial condyle; Bl, breadth of the lateral condyle (measurements of the separate tibial condyles exclude the breadth of the Eminentia intercondylaris but are co-planar with Bp). No measurements indicated = bone is damaged or missing.