Skip to main content
. 2006 Jun;208(6):709–724. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00563.x

Table 2B.

Raw muscle data for orang-utans and gibbon (Ojm, Ojf and Haf)

Ojm Ojf Haf



Subject Mass (g) FL (cm) PCSA (cm2) Mass (g) FL (cm) PCSA (cm2) Mass (g) FL (cm) PCSA (cm2)
Gluteus maximus 60.2 7.4 7.7 30.8 8.3 3.5
Gluteus medius 81.8 5.7 13.5 20.3 4.1 4.7
Gluteus minimus 4.6 5.8 0.75 1.8 2.1 0.8
Scansorius 18.3 5.7 3 1.7 2.5 0.6
Tensor fascia lata
Adductor magnus 150.4 14.4 9.9 12.5 11 1.1
Adductor longus 24.6 7.6 3.1
Adductor brevis 3.4 3.5 0.9
Pectineus 9.8 7.1 1.3 1.7 4 0.4
Iliacus 67.3 7.1 8.9 15.4 4 3.6
Quadratus femoris 12 1.5 2.7 0.5
Obturator externus 15.7 3.8 3.9 3.3 2.4 1.3
Rectus femoris 38.5 9.2 3.9 26.4 4.2 5.9 10 3.6 2.7
Vastus 89.9 7.7 11 70 3.2 20.6 25.5 3.6 6.7
Long head biceps 89.7 11.4 7.4 54.4 9.5 5.4 4.7 8.3 0.5
Short head biceps 23.9 10.4 2.2 10.1 6.8 0 3.7 6.9 0.5
Gracilis 74.9 18.1 3.9 43 8.6 4.7 5.2 16.3 0.3
Semimembranosus 60.4 16.1 3.5 26.3 12.3 2 4.5 9.8 0.4
Semitendinosus 51.9 10.5 4.7 45.1 6.1 7 8.7 7.2 1.1
Gastrocnemius lateralis 20.5 7.8 2.5 8 6.5 1.2 2.7 5 0.5
Gastrocnemius medialis 36.2 8.8 3.9 13.5 6 2.1 8.7 2.5 3.4
Soleus 43 5.2 7.8 19.7 5.6 3.3 7.6 2.4 3
Flexor tibialis 66.2 9 6.9 34.7 6.7 4.9 7.8 2.7 2.8
Flexor fibularis 35.2 4.2 7.9 22.4 4.4 4.8 2.4 2.6 0.9
Peroneus longus 17.6 4 4.2 7.7 3.9 1.9
Peroneus brevis 10 4 2.4 5.2 3.3 1.5 3.9 2.1 1.8
Tibialis anterior 35.2 6.7 5 23.9 6.5 3.5 4.7 2.6 1.7
Tibialis posterior 15 2.1 6.7 7.1 1.8 3.7 3 1.8 1.6
Extensor digitorum longus 21 10 2 14.2 7.5 1.8 3 2.5 1.1
Extensor hallucis longus 3.3 8 0.4 2.7 4.5 0.6 1.8 4.5 0.4
Flexor digitorum brevis 5.5 3.8 1.4
Flexor hallucis brevis 1.3 2.6 0.5
Sartorius 17.1 12.5 1.3 M M M 10.4 20.5 0.5
Popliteus 13.0 5.2 2.4 1.5 2.3 0.6
Plantaris 3.1 4.5 0.6

For a variety of reasons, we were not able to measure all muscles in all subjects, in such cases we have used a dash. If the muscle was missing we used the letter M. Raw data are not provided for Oam as muscle dimensions varied widely from other orang-utan subjects, probably due to preservation methods; see Discussion.

FL = fascicle length; PCSA = physiological cross-sectional area.