Table 2B.
Raw muscle data for orang-utans and gibbon (Ojm, Ojf and Haf)
| Ojm | Ojf | Haf | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Mass (g) | FL (cm) | PCSA (cm2) | Mass (g) | FL (cm) | PCSA (cm2) | Mass (g) | FL (cm) | PCSA (cm2) |
| Gluteus maximus | 60.2 | 7.4 | 7.7 | – | – | – | 30.8 | 8.3 | 3.5 |
| Gluteus medius | 81.8 | 5.7 | 13.5 | – | – | – | 20.3 | 4.1 | 4.7 |
| Gluteus minimus | 4.6 | 5.8 | 0.75 | – | – | – | 1.8 | 2.1 | 0.8 |
| Scansorius | 18.3 | 5.7 | 3 | – | – | – | 1.7 | 2.5 | 0.6 |
| Tensor fascia lata | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Adductor magnus | 150.4 | 14.4 | 9.9 | – | – | – | 12.5 | 11 | 1.1 |
| Adductor longus | 24.6 | 7.6 | 3.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Adductor brevis | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.9 |
| Pectineus | 9.8 | 7.1 | 1.3 | – | – | – | 1.7 | 4 | 0.4 |
| Iliacus | 67.3 | 7.1 | 8.9 | – | – | – | 15.4 | 4 | 3.6 |
| Quadratus femoris | 12 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.5 | 2.7 | 0.5 |
| Obturator externus | 15.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | – | – | – | 3.3 | 2.4 | 1.3 |
| Rectus femoris | 38.5 | 9.2 | 3.9 | 26.4 | 4.2 | 5.9 | 10 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
| Vastus | 89.9 | 7.7 | 11 | 70 | 3.2 | 20.6 | 25.5 | 3.6 | 6.7 |
| Long head biceps | 89.7 | 11.4 | 7.4 | 54.4 | 9.5 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 8.3 | 0.5 |
| Short head biceps | 23.9 | 10.4 | 2.2 | 10.1 | 6.8 | 0 | 3.7 | 6.9 | 0.5 |
| Gracilis | 74.9 | 18.1 | 3.9 | 43 | 8.6 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 16.3 | 0.3 |
| Semimembranosus | 60.4 | 16.1 | 3.5 | 26.3 | 12.3 | 2 | 4.5 | 9.8 | 0.4 |
| Semitendinosus | 51.9 | 10.5 | 4.7 | 45.1 | 6.1 | 7 | 8.7 | 7.2 | 1.1 |
| Gastrocnemius lateralis | 20.5 | 7.8 | 2.5 | 8 | 6.5 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 5 | 0.5 |
| Gastrocnemius medialis | 36.2 | 8.8 | 3.9 | 13.5 | 6 | 2.1 | 8.7 | 2.5 | 3.4 |
| Soleus | 43 | 5.2 | 7.8 | 19.7 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 7.6 | 2.4 | 3 |
| Flexor tibialis | 66.2 | 9 | 6.9 | 34.7 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
| Flexor fibularis | 35.2 | 4.2 | 7.9 | 22.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 0.9 |
| Peroneus longus | 17.6 | 4 | 4.2 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 1.9 | – | – | – |
| Peroneus brevis | 10 | 4 | 2.4 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 |
| Tibialis anterior | 35.2 | 6.7 | 5 | 23.9 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 1.7 |
| Tibialis posterior | 15 | 2.1 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 3 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
| Extensor digitorum longus | 21 | 10 | 2 | 14.2 | 7.5 | 1.8 | 3 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
| Extensor hallucis longus | 3.3 | 8 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 0.4 |
| Flexor digitorum brevis | 5.5 | 3.8 | 1.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Flexor hallucis brevis | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.3 | 2.6 | 0.5 |
| Sartorius | 17.1 | 12.5 | 1.3 | M | M | M | 10.4 | 20.5 | 0.5 |
| Popliteus | 13.0 | 5.2 | 2.4 | – | – | – | 1.5 | 2.3 | 0.6 |
| Plantaris | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.1 | 4.5 | 0.6 |
For a variety of reasons, we were not able to measure all muscles in all subjects, in such cases we have used a dash. If the muscle was missing we used the letter M. Raw data are not provided for Oam as muscle dimensions varied widely from other orang-utan subjects, probably due to preservation methods; see Discussion.
FL = fascicle length; PCSA = physiological cross-sectional area.