List of abbreviations		List of abbreviations
A. car. ext.	external carotid artery	M. myloh.	mylohyoid muscle
A. max.	maxillary artery	M. occiph.	occipitohyoid muscle
Ala atl.	transverse process of first cervical	M. omoh.	omohyoid muscle
Ang. styloh.	angle of stylohyoideum	M. orbic. oculi.	sphincter muscle of eyelids
App. hyo.	hyoid apparatus	M. palphar.	palatopharyngeal muscle
Arc. cart. cric.	arc of cricoid cartilage	M. parotaur.	parotidoauricularis muscle
Art(t). cricaryt. (dex.)	(right) cricoarytenoid articulation(s)	M. pterphar.	pterygopharyngeal muscle
Art. cricthyr.	cricothyroid articulation	M. sternoceph., p. mand.	mandibular portion of sternocephalic muscle
Art. thyrhyo. (dex., sin.)	(right, left) thyrohyoid articulation
Basihyo.	basihyoideum	M. sternoh.	sternohyoid muscle
blood vess.	blood vessels	M. sternthyr.	sternothyroid muscle
C1–C5	cervical vertebrae 1–5	M. stylglos.	styloglossal muscle
Cart(t). aryt.	arytenoid cartilage(s)	M. styloh.	stylohyoid muscle (two parallel portions)
Cart. cric.	cricoid cartilage	M. stylphar. (caud., rostr.)	(caudal, rostral) stylopharyngeal muscle
Cart. thyr.	thyroid cartilage	M. tens. veli pal.	tensor muscle of soft palate
Cav. infrglott.	infraglottic cavity	M. thyraryt.	thyroarytenoid muscle (M. ventric. + M. voc.)
Cerathyo.	ceratohyoideum
Choan.	choanae	M. thyrepigl.	thyroepiglottic muscle
conn. tissue	connective tissue	M. thyroh.	thyrohyoid muscle
cont. M. mass.	contour of M. mass.	M. thyrphar.	thyropharyngeal muscle
cont. phar.	contour of pharynx	M. ventric.	ventricularis muscle
Corn. caudale	caudal horn of Cart. thyr.	M. voc.	vocalis muscle
Duct. mand.	duct of mandibular gland	M. zyg.	zygomatic muscle
Duct. parot.	duct of parotid gland	Mm. constr. phar. caud.	caudal constrictor muscles of pharynx
Duct. pneu.	pneumatic duct connecting Vest. lar. and air sac	Mm. constr. phar. med.	middle constrictor muscles of pharynx
		Mm. constr. phar. rostr.	rostral constrictor muscles of pharynx
Epigl.	epiglottis	musc. fibr.	muscle fibres
Epihyo.	epihyoideum	O: M. digastr.	origin of digastric muscle
Frenul. ling.	frenulum of the tongue	Oesoph.	oesophagus
Gl. mand.	mandibular gland	Orb.	orbita
Gl. thyr.	thyroid gland	P3, P4	third, fourth premolar
Labb. or.	lips of the mouth	Palat. mol.	soft palate
Lam. cart. cric.	lamina of Cart. cric.	Pars tymp.	tympanic part of temporal bone
lat. base Epigl.	lateral base of epiglottis	Plic. voc. (dex.)	(right) vocal fold
Lig. arycorn.	arycorniculate ligament	Proc(c). med.	medial process(es) of Cart(t). aryt.
Lig. aryt. transv.	transverse arytenoid ligament	Proc. musc.	muscular process of Cart. aryt.
Lig. cricthyr.	cricothyroid ligament	Proc. parac.	paracondylar process
Ling.	tongue	Proc. voc. (dex.)	(right) vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
Mand.	mandibula (dentary)	Rec. lar. med.	median laryngeal recess
M. aryt. transv.	transverse arytenoid muscle	Rima glott.	glottic cleft
M. cerath.	ceratohyoid muscle	silic. tube	silicone tube (for air sac injection)
M. cricaryt. dors.	dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle	Stylhyo.	stylohyoideum
M. cricaryt. lat.	lateral cricoarytenoid muscle	Thyrhyo.	thyrohyoideum
M. cricphar.	cricopharyngeal muscle	tough lig.	tough ligament from Ang. to shaft of Stylhyo.
		M. cricthyr.	cricothyroid muscle
M. cut. fac.	facial cutaneous muscle	Trach.	trachea
M. digastr.	digastric muscle	Tub. max.	maxillary tuber
M. hyoepigl.	hyoepiglottic muscle	Tymphyo.	tympanohyoideum
M. hyophar.	hyopharyngeal muscle	V. fac.	facial vein
M. lev. veli pal.	levator muscle of palatine velum	Vest. lar.	laryngeal vestibule
M. mal.	malaris muscle	VTL	vocal tract length
		M. mass.	masseter muscle