Table 4.
Laryngeal saccules in mammals, different sites of emergence from laryngeal cavity and pre- or post-glottal position. Some species may have two types of saccules, e.g. Alouatta. Unequivocal positive evidence for sexual dimorphism is indicated by an asterisk. Light grey: saccules, dark grey: vocal fold
| Position/type of mucosa | Genera/species | Family | Diagram | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a | ventrorostral, without hyoid bulla | Arvicola | Arvicolidae |  |
| (preglottal, laryngeal mucosa) | Muridae | |||
| Equus | Equidae | |||
| Rangifer* | Cervidae | |||
| Ovibos | Bovidae | |||
| 1b | ventrorostral, covered by hyoid bulla | Colobus | Colobidae |  |
| (preglottal, laryngeal mucosa) | Presbytis | Colobidae | ||
| Cercopithecus | Cercopithecidae | |||
| Cercocebus | Cercopithecidae | |||
| Macaca | Cercopithecidae | |||
| Papio | Cercopithecidae | |||
| Alouatta | Cebidae | |||
| Lagothrix | Cebidae | |||
| 2a | paired lateral, without hyoid bulla or no connection to it | Erinaceus | Erinaceidae |  |
| Hypsignathus* | Pteropodidae | |||
| (preglottal, laryngeal mucosa) | Sciurus | Sciuridae | ||
| Marmota | Sciuridae | |||
| Agouti paca | Dasyproctidae | |||
| Mustelidae | ||||
| Viverridae | ||||
| Canis lupus | Canidae | |||
| Ursus | Ursidae | |||
| Otaria byronia | Otariidae | |||
| Rhinocerotidae | ||||
| Tapirus | Tapiridae | |||
| Equus | Equidae | |||
| Sus scrofa | Suidae | |||
| Procapra gutturosa* | Bovidae | |||
| Lemuridae | ||||
| Colobus | Colobidae | |||
| Presbytis | Colobidae | |||
| Cebus albifrons | Cebidae | |||
| Alouatta | Cebidae | |||
| Homo | Hominidae | |||
| 2b | paired lateral, small portion covered by hyoid bulla | Cercopithecus | Cercopithecidae |  |
| Macaca nemestrina | Cercopithecidae | |||
| (preglottal, laryngeal mucosa) | Papio | Cercopithecidae | ||
| Symphalangus | Hylobatidae | |||
| Pongo pygmaeus* | Pongidae | |||
| Pan troglodytes | Pongidae | |||
| Gorilla* | Pongidae | |||
| 3 | ventral, inside thyroid bulla | Didelphis | Didelphidae |  |
| (preglottal, laryngeal mucosa) | Dasyurus | Dasyuridae | ||
| Trichosurus | Phalangeridae | |||
| Phalanger | Phalangeridae | |||
| Wallabia | Macropodidae | |||
| Tragelaphus oryx | Bovidae | |||
| Budorcas taxicolor | Bovidae | |||
| 4 | ventrocaudal | Callithrix | Callitrichidae |  |
| (postglottal, laryngeal mucosa) | Leontocebus | Callitrichidae | ||
| Balaenoptera | Balaenopteridae | |||
| Caperea | Balaenidae | |||
| 5 | dorsocaudal | Indri | Lemuridae |  |
| (postglottal, tracheal mucosa) | Varecia | Lemuridae | ||
| Microcebus | Lemuridae | |||
| Ateles | Cebidae |