Table 2.
Muscle data: muscle mass, volume, belly length, fascicle length, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), pennation angle, and estimated maximum isometric force and power. Values obtained for muscle force and power were obtained as per Methods described in the text. Values indicate means and range (this is given only for variables that were measured directly) (n = 8)
| Muscle | Muscle mass (g) | Volume (cm3) | Belly length (mm) | Fascicle length (mm) | PCSA (mm2) | Pennation angle (°) | Force (N) | Powe (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adductor (combined) | 53.0 (39.3–68.0) | 50.0 | 119 (80–131) | 82 (64–100) | 61.4 | 0 | 184 | 11.9 |
| Biceps femoris (pelvic head) | 22.7 (18.3–26.9) | 21.4 | 121 (93–142) | 80 (58–103) | 26.7 | 0 | 80 | 5.0 |
| Biceps femoris (vertebral head) | 36.1 (26.1–48.0) | 34.0 | 113 (100–118) | 67 (50–88) | 50.6 | 25 (20–47) | 152 | 8.1 |
| Extensor digitorum longus | 3.8 (1.7–4.6) | 3.6 | 85 (69–101) | 20 (14–45) | 17.9 | 31 (10–46) | 54 | 0.8 |
| Extensor digitorum lateralis | 1.0 (0.4–2.7) | 0.9 | 58 (37–78) | 11 (6–14) | 8.3 | 28 (18–31) | 25 | 0.2 |
| Flexor digitorum longus | 1.7 (0.7–2.8) | 1.6 | 70 (55–84) | 12 (4–23) | 13.0 | 21 (7–26) | 39 | 0.3 |
| Flexor digitorum medialis | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 | 56 (37–80) | 10 (8–12) | 6.8 | 42 (40–45) | 20 | 0.1 |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis | 7.3 (4.9–9.3) | 6.9 | 81 (65–98) | 7 (5–12) | 97.1 | 42 (25–51) | 291 | 1.6 |
| Gastrocnemius lateralis | 6.4 (5.2–7.3) | 6.0 | 71 (64–80) | 11 (7–14) | 54.5 | 31 (25–40) | 164 | 1.5 |
| Gastrocnemius medialis | 7.2 (5.6–9.2) | 6.8 | 72 (62–80) | 11 (6–16) | 63.5 | 36 (29–47) | 191 | 1.5 |
| Gluteus medius | 8.8 (7.1–13.8) | 8.3 | 55 (44–71) | 34 (11–45) | 24.8 | 0 | 75 | 1.9 |
| Gluteus profundus | 7.2 (1.4–11.3) | 6.8 | 43 (28–52) | 22 (6–30) | 31.6 | 15 (0–42) | 95 | 1.5 |
| Gluteus superficialis | 8.1 (5.0–18.4) | 7.6 | 56 (33–80) | 21 (13–31) | 37.3 | 8 (0–31) | 112 | 1.8 |
| Gracilis | 8.8 (6.7–11.3) | 8.3 | 81 (67–113) | 46 (37–65) | 18.1 | 0 | 54 | 1.9 |
| Iliacus | 1.9 (1.0–4.2) | 1.8 | 50 (39–65) | 18 (14–23) | 9.6 | 0 | 29 | 0.5 |
| Peroneus brevis | 0.7 (0.3–1.0) | 0.6 | 54 (38–64) | 12 (9–17) | 5.3 | 29 (20–39) | 16 | 0.1 |
| Peroneus tertius | 0.4 (0.1–0.8) | 0.4 | 57 (52–67) | 12 (9–16) | 3.3 | 30 (18–38) | 10 | 0.1 |
| Peroneus longus | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.7 | 58 (48–68) | 13 (9–17) | 5.9 | 25 (10–36) | 18 | 0.2 |
| Peroneus quartus | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 0.3 | 49 (27–73) | 9 (4–12) | 3.2 | 32 (28–41) | 10 | 0.1 |
| Psoas major | 7.0 (2.3–9.2) | 6.6 | 58 (40–110) | 53 (40–77) | 12.6 | 0 | 38 | 1.5 |
| Psoas minor | 4.3 (0.3–0.9) | 4.1 | 33 (17–36) | 35 (13–34) | 18.1 | 0 | 35 | 0.9 |
| Rectus femoris | 12.7 (9.6–16.3) | 12.0 | 107 (85–115) | 22 (16–29) | 55.0 | 31 (25–38) | 165 | 2.9 |
| Sartorius | 6.1 (3.9–7.8) | 5.8 | 116 (105–131) | 90 (70–108) | 6.4 | 0 | 19 | 1.4 |
| Semimembranosis | 19.0 (15.9–21.6) | 17.9 | 107 (85–134) | 66 (55–73) | 27.4 | 0 | 82 | 4.2 |
| Semitendinosis | 2.6 (2.0–3.3) | 2.4 | 82 (72–93) | 19 (13–25) | 12.5 | 26 (13–37) | 38 | 0.6 |
| Soleus | 1.7 (1.3–2.0) | 1.6 | 75 (64–83) | 13 (9–17) | 12.5 | 27 (19–40) | 37 | 0.3 |
| Tensor fascia lata | 11.1 (8.8–14.1) | 10.5 | 73 (66–86) | 30 (22–39) | 35.0 | 0 | 10.5 | 24.7 |
| Tibialis caudalis | 3.6 (2.6–5.4) | 3.4 | 75 (59–82) | 10 (7–12) | 35.2 | 32 (21–36) | 10.6 | 0.8 |
| Tibialis cranialis | 3.6 (2.8–5.1) | 3.4 | 83 (75–92) | 59 (48–67) | 5.7 | 0 | 17 | 0.8 |
| Vastus lateralis | 20.1 (17.5–23.8) | 19.0 | 98 (87–107) | 36 (29–47) | 52.2 | 24 (20–37) | 157 | 4.5 |
| Vastus medialis | 9.1 (6.6–11.0) | 8.6 | 97 (85–109) | 29 (26–34) | 29.0 | 31 (20–40) | 87 | 2.1 |
| Vastus intermedius (1) | 11.9 (6.8–13.4) | 11.3 | 91 (85–98) | 32 (24–44) | 35.4 | 25 (10–38) | 106 | 2.6 |
| Vastus intermedius (2) | 2.68 (1.7–5.5) | 2.5 | 72 (61–82) | 16.1 (6–35) | 15.7 | 20 (10–33) | 47 | 0.6 |