Table 3.
Muscle–tendon unit | Mass (g) | Volume (mm3) | Rest length (mm) | CSA (mm2) | Stress (MPa) | Strain (%) | Length change (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biceps brachii | 0.05 (0.03–0.1) | 4.7 | 13 (12–13) | 0.3 | 27 | 1.8 | 0.2 |
Extensor carpi radialis | 0.06 (0.01–0.12) | 5.6 | 115 (70–146) | 0.1 | 46 | 3.1 | 0.2 |
Extensor carpi ulnaris | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 2.5 | 50 (32–66) | 0.1 | 54 | 3.6 | 1.5 |
Extensor digitorum communis | 0.16 (0.1–0.31) | 15.4 | 95 (48–108) | 0.1 | 20 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
Extensor digitorum lateralis | 0.04 (0.01–0.06) | 3.6 | 76 (50–104) | 0.1 | 62 | 4.1 | 3.5 |
Flexor carpi radialis | 0.03 (0.01–0.06) | 2.4 | 46 (33–59) | 0.1 | 62 | 4.1 | 1.9 |
Flexor carpi ulnaris | 0.08 (0.06–0.10) | 7.5 | 35 (32–46) | 0.2 | 51 | 3.4 | 1.1 |
Flexor digitorum profundus | 0.50 (0.30–0.62) | 47.0 | 76 (50–93) | 0.6 | 15 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
Flexor digitorum superficialis | 0.18 (0.10–0.52) | 17.3 | 42 (20–50) | 0.3 | 56 | 3.7 | 4.2 |
Triceps brachii Long head | 0.08 (0.06–0.10) | 7.5 | 7 (3–13) | 0.1 | 27 | 1.8 | 0.2 |
Lateral head | 0.07 (0.01–0.20) | 6.9 | 9 (5–12) | 0.1 | 33 | 2.2 | 0.2 |